槐定碱抗病毒作用的研究进展

Research advance in antiviral effect of sophoridine

槐定碱(sophoridine,SRI)主要是从豆科槐属植物中提取的喹诺里西啶生物碱,是苦豆子、苦参和白刺花的主要活性成分之一。现代研究发现SRI具有广泛的药理活性,包括抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗心律失常、抗病毒和镇痛等。近年来,SRI的抗病毒作用受到学者们的关注,迄今尚未见其抗病毒作用及机制的详细总结。由此,该文通过查阅和梳理近15年来关于SRI抗病毒的国内外文献报道,对SRI抗柯萨奇病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、肠道病毒71等的抗病毒作用及机制进行归纳和总结,发现SRI对RNA和DNA病毒均具有良好抑制作用,能通过干扰病毒吸附、RNA复制、调节细胞因子及代谢产物发挥作用。同时,对SRI结构类似物的抗病毒机制研究进行了一定总结,提示SRI抗病毒作用的潜在机制尚可能与抑制病毒复制、提高免疫功能、抗氧化及抗炎等路径有关。该综述为SRI抗病毒方面的深入研究及临床应用提供了一定参考。

Sophoridine is a quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from Sophora in legumes,which is one of the main active ingredients of Sophora alopecuroides L,Sophora flavescentis Ait and Sophora davidii(Franch.)skeels.Its molecular formula is C 15 H 24 N 2O.Modern studies show that sophoridine has abundant pharmacological activities,including antitumor,anti-inflammation,antiarrhythmia,antivirus,analgesia and so on.In recent years,the antiviral effect of sophoridine has been paid attention by scholars,but the detailed summary of its antiviral effect and mechanism has not been reported.In this paper,we summarize the antiviral effects and mechanism of sophoridine by reviewing the domestic and foreign literature in the past 15 years,including Coxsackievirus B3,respiratory syncytial virus,enterovirus 71 and hepatitis B virus.It is found that sophoridine can inhibit both RNA and DNA viruses,and the mechanism may be related to interfering with virus adsorption,RNA replication,and regulating cytokines and metabolites.In addition,the antiviral mechanism of structural analogues of sophoridine is summarized,which suggests that the potential mechanism of antiviral action may be related to the inhibition of viral replication,improvement of immune function,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory paths.This review provides a reference for in-depth research and clinical application of sophoridine in antiviral aspects.