物理化学家吉布斯简介及吉布斯函数在物理化学中的地位

A Brief Introduction to Physical Chemist Gibbs and Position of Gibbs Function in Physical Chemistry

首先介绍理论物理学家、物理化学家吉布斯在热力学和统计热力学方面的杰出成就与贡献。然后,介绍吉布斯自由能(吉布斯函数)因其使用条件与大多数化学反应的条件一致,在等温、等压和不做非体积功的条件下,吉布斯自由能变化的大小、正负可以预示反应的方向和限度,于是成为相变化、化学变化中用得最多的判据。最后,在多组分系统(化学势的概念)、相平衡、化学平衡、电化学和表面及胶体化学中都要用到吉布斯的贡献。

The outstanding contributions of theoretical physicist and physical chemist Gibbs in thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics were introduced.Then the Gibbs free energy(Gibbs function)was introduced.Because its service conditions were consistent with the conditions of most chemical reactions,the magnitude and positive and negative of Gibbs free energy change could predict the direction and extent of reaction under the conditions of isothermal,isobaric and no non volume work,so it became the most used criterion in phase change and chemical change.Gibbs contribution was used in multicomponent systems(concept of chemical potential),phase equilibrium,chemical equilibrium,electrochemistry and surface and colloidal chemistry.