植物生长调节剂在果树上的登记情况与应用技术

Registration and application techniques of plant growth regulators on fruit trees

植物生长调节剂在农林生产上应用广泛,为了解在果树上的登记使用情况,截至2022年10月,检索中国农药信息网,植物生长调节剂在果树上共登记52种、产品525个,涉及21种果树,占主栽果树种类的51.22%。登记果树主要集中在柑橘、苹果、葡萄等大宗水果上,登记20个产品以上的果树有9种,数量高低依次为葡萄、柑橘、苹果、香蕉、荔枝、菠萝、甜柿、猕猴桃、芒果。登记单剂和混配产品剂分别占比78.86%、21.14%,单剂中登记数量超过15个的有8种,由多及少依次是赤霉酸、乙烯利、1-甲基环丙烯、噻苯隆、氯吡脲、多效唑、苄氨基嘌呤、S-诱抗素,主要用于提高坐果,促进果实生长、催熟、着色、保鲜、控旺。登记剂型20个,以可溶液剂、水剂、可溶粉剂、乳油为主。施用方法多样,有喷雾、涂抹、浸果、熏蒸等。果树植物生长调节剂持证企业160家,登记企业数量最多的是江苏省,其次是河南省、山东省、陕西省;产品数量最多的是四川省,其次是江苏省、陕西省、上海市。在生产上,应根据葡萄、苹果、梨等果树生育期的需要,施用适宜的植物生长调节剂。

Plant growth regulators are widely used in agricultural and forestry production.To understand the registration and use of plant growth regulators on fruit trees,as of October 2022,a total of 52 types and 525 products of plant growth regulators were registered on the China Pesticide Information Network,involving 21 fruit trees,accounting for 51.22%of the main fruit tree species.The registered fruit trees are mainly concentrated on bulk fruits such as grapes,citrus,and apples.There are 9 types of fruit trees with more than 20 products registered,and the order of quantity is grape,citrus,apple,banana,lychee,pineapple,sweet persimmon,kiwifruit and mango.Registra tion of single agents and mixed product agents accounted for 78.86%and 21.14%,respectively.Among the single agents,there were 8 types with more than 15 registrations,followed by gibberellic acid,ethephon,1-methylcyclopropene,thiadiazuron,clopidomide,paclobutrazol,benzylamin-opurine,and S-inducer,mainly used to improve fruit setting,promote fruit growth,ripening,col-oring,preservation,and control.20 registered dosage forms,mainly consisting of soluble agents,a-queous agents,soluble powders,and emulsifiable concentrates.The application methods are di-verse,including spray,smear,fruit dipping,fumigation,etc.There are 160 certified enterprises for fruit tree plant growth regulators,with Jiangsu Province having the highest number of registered enterprises,followed by Henan Province,Shandong Province,and Shaanxi Province;The largest number of products is in Sichuan Province,followed by Jiangsu Province,Shaanxi Province,and Shanghai City.In production,different mechanisms of action,application methods,and dosages of plant growth regulators are used according to the needs of fruit trees such as grapes,apples,and pears during their growth period.