高速公路建设与深度贸易开放——来自中国企业进口的经验证据

Expressway Construction and Deep Trade Opening:Empirics Based on the Data of China's Corporate Importing

交通基础设施建设能够降低进口的境内运输成本,提高货物运输效率,从而促进国内的区域深度贸易开放。本文采用“倍差法”估计考察了高速公路的兴建对中国企业进口行为的影响。微观数据的研究证实,高速公路的开通的确有助于扩大企业进口规模,这一结论在删除非随机样本后以及在基于“最小成本路径”工具变量估计中依然成立。分析表明,高速公路兴建的进口促进作用主要是通过降低运输时间成本和加速企业空间集聚实现的,并且因行业交通依赖度、不同地区和不同样本时间段而存在明显差异。进一步研究显示,高速公路的开通能够提高企业参与进口的可能性、增加企业进口产品数量,但对企业进口国数量的影响并不明显。

The construction of transport infrastructure is conducive to reducing significant domestic transport costs and improving freight efficiency,thereby promoting deep regional trade opening.This article uses China as a research sample and uses the Difference-In-Differences regression to estimate the impact of expressway construction on corporate imports.The results of this study show that expressway can significantly promote the scale of import trade of enterprises.In order to solve the endogenous problem,this paper eliminates the sample of planning target cities and constructs instrumental variables through"the least cost path spanning tree networks".The analysis shows that expressway promotes corporate imports mainly through time-cost and space-agglomeration.The heterogeneity analysis finds that the impact of expressway on corporate importing differs significantly across traffic dependence,regions,and time periods.Further research shows that the expressway can effectively improve the possibility of their participation in imports and increase the number of products imported by enterprises,with an insignificant impact on the number of importing countries.