不同区域尺度下生境类型和环境因子对直翅目昆虫多样性的影响

Effects of Habitat Types and Environmental Factors on the Diversity of Orthoptera at Different Regional Scales

于2019年8月和10月,采用样线调查法对西双版纳直翅目昆虫进行采集,分析不同生境类型以及环境因子对直翅目昆虫多样性及其群落结构的影响。结果表明:共采获直翅目昆虫1 624头,属于21科62属169种。在西双版纳州级尺度上,物种丰富度高于县域尺度。在不同的生境中,在西双版纳州级尺度上,直翅目昆虫的物种丰富度(P<0.05)和Chao-1估计值(P<0.05)存在显著差异,而在县域尺度上,物种丰富度、物种多度和Chao-1估计值没有特定的规律;群落结构相似性的分析显示:在西双版纳州级尺度上,直翅目昆虫群落结构存在极显著差异(P<0.05),在县域尺度上,不存在显著差异;直翅目昆虫物种丰富度和多度不仅受到生境类型(P<0.01)的影响,而且温度、海拔和生境质量对直翅目昆虫物种丰富度和多度均有影响。综上所述,在变动区域尺度上,生境类型和环境因子变化的相互作用能更好地解释对西双版纳直翅目昆虫多样性的影响,而温度、海拔和生境质量是维持直翅目昆虫多样性的重要因素。

In August and October 2019,the transect-line method was used to collect insects of Orthoptera in Xishuangbanna,and the effects of different habitat types and environmental factors on the diversity and community structure of Orthoptera were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 1624 Orthoptera insects were collected,belonging to 169 species,62 genera and 21 families.Species richness at the prefecture-level scale was higher than that at the county-level scale in Xishuangbanna.There were significant differences in species richness(P<0.05)and chao−1(P<0.05)of Orthoptera at the Xishuangbanna prefecture-level scale among different habitats,while at the county scale,the species richness,species abundance and Chao−1 estimates had no specific rules;the similarity analysis of community structure showed that there was a significant difference in the community structure of Orthoptera at the prefecture-level scale in Xishuangbanna(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference at the county-level scale;the species richness and abundance of Orthoptera were affected not only by habitat type(P<0.01),but also by temperature,altitude and habitat quality.In summary,at the varying regional scale,the interaction of habitat type and environmental factors change could better explain the impact on the diversity of Orthoptera in Xishuangbanna,while temperature,altitude and habitat quality were important factors for maintaining the diversity of Orthoptera.