习近平法治思想指引下人民法院参与社会治理路径研究——以司法建议创新社会治理为镜鉴

Research on the path of people's courts'participation in social governance under the guidance of Xi Jinping's Thought on the Rule of Law--taking innovating social governance by judicial suggestion as a mirror

习近平关于加强和创新社会治理的重要论述,是习近平法治思想中社会治理理论的集中体现,也是人民法院参与社会治理的根本遵循。社会治理是党领导下的系统工程,有赖于人民法院的积极推动。理论层面,能动司法理论是人民法院参与社会治理的理论依据;实践层面,世界各国社会治理的“司法转向”和新中国成立以来人民法院参与社会治理的历史传统是人民法院参与社会治理的实践基础。司法建议在创新社会治理中的功能主要有保障个案诉讼的顺利进行和以案为鉴、通过个案查堵社会治理漏洞两方面。当前,通过司法建议创新社会治理主要存在文本、程序和效果三方面的困境。在文本层面,规范依据缺失,既有规范效力等级偏低;在程序层面,归口管理机制缺位;在效果层面,司法建议的刚性不足、反馈率低。如何改善司法建议在社会治理中“量少质低”的尴尬境地,更好地发挥司法建议在创新社会治理中的功能,需要从立法跟进、程序规范和协调联动三方面优化。

Xi Jinping's important exposition on strengthening and innovating social governance is the concentrated expression of social governance theory in Xi Jinping's Thought on the Rule of Law,and also the fundamental basis for the people's courts to participate in social governance.Social governance is a systematic project under the leadership of the Party,which depends on the active promotion of the people's courts.At the theoretical level,active judicial theory is the theoretical basis for people's courts to participate in social governance;at the practical level,the"judicial turn"of social governance in various countries around the world and the historical tradition of people's courts'participation in social governance since the founding of New China are the practical basis for people's courts to participate in social governance.The functions of judicial suggestion in innovating social governance mainly include two aspects:ensuring the smooth progress of individual lawsuits and using cases as lessons to check and plug loopholes in social governance through individual cases.At present,there are three main difficulties in innovating social governance through judicial suggestion:text,procedure and effect.At the text level,there is a lack of normative basis and the low effectiveness of existing norms;at the procedural level,a centralized management mechanism is absent;at the effect level,the judicial suggestion is not rigid enough and the feedback rate is low.How to improve the embarrassing situation of“little quantity and low quality”of judicial suggestion in social governance and better play the function of judicial suggestion in innovating social governance,it needs to be optimized from three aspects:legislative follow-up,procedural norms and coordinated linkage.