基于双转向桥载货汽车制动的轴荷分配计算与优化

Calculation and Optimization of Axle Load Distribution Based on Double Steering Bridge Truck Braking

为解决双前轴载货汽车轮胎磨损、制动抱死等问题,文章利用理论力学原理,建立双转向桥载货汽车在制动状态下的轴荷计算模型,并通过整车试验验证模型的准确性,理论计算值和试验测量值误差在3%以内。利用此模型,结合实际,通过调整悬架参数对某8×4载货车的轴荷分配进行优化,使其无论在静止状态还是制动状态下轴荷分配更为合理,从而使其制动防抱死系统(ABS)发挥较优的效果。通过试验数据发现,优化后的车辆其最大制动减速度提高了1.3%,制动距离下降了1.1%。该模型及优化方法在工程上可推广应用,对提高多轴载货汽车制动性能有重要意义。

In order to solve the problems of tire wear and brake lock of double front axle trucks,a calculation model of axle load of double steering axle truck under braking state is established by using theoretical mechanics principle,and the accuracy of the model is verified by vehicle test.The error between the theoretical calculation value and the test measurement value is within 3%.Based on this model,the axle load distribution of a certain 8×4 truck is optimized by adjusting the suspension parameters,so that the axle load distribution is more reasonable in the static state or the braking state,so that its antilock brake system(ABS)can play a better effect.Through the test data,it is found that the maximum braking deceleration of the optimized vehicle increases by 1.3%and the braking distance decreases by 1.1%.The model and optimization method can be applied in engineering,which is of great significance to improve the braking performance of multi-axle truck.