新冠疫情期间国外献血者招募策略的探讨及启示

Recruitment strategies of blood donors during the COVID-19 epidemic

目的探讨新冠疫情期间血液供应紧缺形势下的献血者招募策略。方法应用心理学计划行为理论及行为的阶段变化模型,对新冠疫情期间献血者招募策略进行理论分析;调研全球具有代表性的部分国家或地区(美国、日本、韩国、欧盟)在此期间献血者招募实践策略;综合理论分析结果与实践现状,提出相关参考策略。结果通过理论分析可知,在新冠疫情期间献血者招募中,态度、主观规范、道德规范起重要作用,但献血自我效能和促进献血行为是两个关键要素。通过调研可知,在增强并维持态度、主观规范、道德规范等被同一策略共同影响的要素方面,各国多延续之前政策或更新招募创意。在增强并维持献血自我效能关键要素方面,则做出了更多人力物力支持。结论新冠疫情期间,增强并维持献血自我效能和促进献血行为是有效改善血液供应紧张的关键要素,相应构建的献血者招募策略对我国具有参考价值。

Objective To explore the recruitment strategy of blood donors under the situation of blood supply shortage during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods The theory of planned behavior and the stage change model of behavior were used to analyze the recruitment strategy of blood donors during the COVID-19 epidemic.The recruitment practice strategies of some countries or regions,i.e.the United States,Japan,South Korea,and the European Union,during this period were investigated.Based on the theoretical analysis results and practical status,relevant reference strategies were proposed.Results The theoretical analysis showed that attitude,subjective norms and ethical norms played an important role in the recruitment of blood donors during the COVID-19 epidemic,but blood donation self-efficacy and promoting blood donation behavior were the two key factors.According to the survey,in terms of enhancing and maintaining attitudes,subjective norms,ethical norms and other elements that were jointly affected by the same strategy,most countries continued previous policies while some updated recruitment ideas.In terms of enhancing and maintaining the key elements of blood donation self-efficacy,more human and material support had been made.Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic,enhancing and maintaining blood donation self-efficacy and promoting blood donation behavior are the key elements to effectively improve the blood supply shortage.The blood donor recruitment strategy constructed accordingly has reference value for China.