单柱式禁止停车标志安装高度和角度对驾驶人注视特性的影响

Influence of Installation Height and Angle of Single-post Nonstop Sign on Driver's Fixation Characteristics

为探讨在国家标准推荐范围内交通标志安装高度、角度及其交互作用对驾驶人注视特性的影响,选取城市道路中常见的禁止停车标志作为试验标志,利用虚拟现实软件UC-win/Road 10.0和模拟驾驶器FORUNM 8搭建了双向四车道城市道路的模拟驾驶场景,召集32名驾驶人作为被试人,进行了眼动试验。通过驾驶人佩戴眼动仪在模拟驾驶舱中进行标志视认仿真试验,获得了交通标志安装的高度与角度不同组合形式时,驾驶人视认禁止停车标志的注视时间、注视次数和首次进入时间3项指标数据。对数据进行异常值剔除、残差正态性和方差齐性检验等预处理后,采用有交互效应的双因素方差分析方法分析了高度、角度及其交互项对前述各项指标的影响。结果表明:单因素分析时,不同安装角度仅对注视时间有显著影响,且正向安装引起的注视时间高于倾斜较大角度;不同安装高度对驾驶人的注视时间、注视次数和首次进入时间的影响均无显著差异;安装高度和角度的交互作用对驾驶人注视时间和注视次数均有显著影响,且高度(高与低)与角度(正与斜)的4种组合中,“高×正”引起的注视时间和注视次数均远高于其他组合,表明采用该组合安装的禁止停车标志能引起驾驶人最多兴趣和关注,推荐在双向四车道的城市道路上采用该组合安装禁止停车标志。

To explore the influence of the installation height and angle of traffic signs and their interaction on the driver's fixation characteristics within the recommended range of national standards,selecting the common no-parking signs in urban roads as the test signs,a simulated driving scenario of two-way four-lane urban road is built by using the virtual reality software UC-win/Road 10.O and the driving simulator FORUNM 8,and 32 drivers are summoned as the subjects for eye movement test.Through the simulation test of sign recognition in the simulated cockpit with the driver wearing an eye tracker,the indicator data(fixation duration,number of fixations,time of first fixation)of driver recognizing the stop sign with different combinations of height and angle of traffic signs are obtained.After preprocessing the data,such as outlier elimination,residual normality and variance homogeneity test,the influence of height,angle and their interaction on the above indicators is analyzed by using the two-factor ANOVA method with interactive effects.The result shows that(1)In single-factor analysis,different installation angles only have significant influence on fixation time,and the fixation time caused by positive installation is higher than that caused by tilt angle;(2)There are no significant differences in the influences of different installation heights on the driver's fixation duration,number of fixations and the time of first fixation;(3)The interaction of installation height and angle has significant influence on the driver's fixation time and number of fixations.Among the 4 combinations of height(high and low)and angle(positive and oblique),the fixation duration and the number of fixations caused by"high×positive"are much higher than those of other combinations,showing that the nonstop sign installed by this combination can attract the most interest and attention of drivers.It is recommended to install this nonstop sign on the two-way four-lane urban road.