昆明市学龄期儿童扁平足筛查及影响因素分析

Screening analysis of flat foot disease among school-age children in Kunming City

目的 了解昆明市学龄期儿童扁平足检出率并进行影响因素分析,为预防扁平足提供依据。方法 2021年12月-2022年2月利用光学足部评估记录装置对昆明市5所小学4 444名7~13岁儿童进行扁平足筛查,并采用Logistic回归分析扁平足发生的相关因素。结果 儿童扁平足检出率为29.10%,其中轻度占21.79%、中度占52.43%、重度占25.78%,双足型占89.10%、单足型占10.90%。7和13岁组扁平足的检出率分别为36.91%和10.43%,前者患病风险是后者的5.00倍(OR=5.00,95%CI=3.22~7.52);乡村和城镇学生检出率分别为38.53%和22.46%,前者患病风险是后者的2.17倍(OR=2.17,95%CI=1.90~2.47);男女生扁平足检出率分别为34.21%和23.29%,男生患病风险是女生的1.71倍(OR=1.71,95%CI=1.50~1.95);扁平足发生率与体质量指数(BMI)具有相关性,超重与肥胖组儿童扁平足风险更高(OR值分别为1.31,1.10,P值均<0.01)。结论 7~13岁儿童扁平足检出率与年龄、性别、城乡、BMI相关。对于学龄期儿童的扁平足应该做到早预防、早发现、早治疗。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of flat feet and associated factors in school-aged children in Kunming City,to provide evidence supporting the prevention of flat feet.Methods From December 2021 to February 2022,4444 children aged 7-13 in five primary schools in Kunming were screened for flat feet with the optical foot assessment and recording device.The incidence of flatfoot was counted,and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of flatoccurrence.Results The overall prevalence rate was 29.10%,of which 21.79%were mild,52.43%were moderate,25.78%were severe,89.10%were bipedal,and 10.90%were monopedal.The prevalence rates in the 7-year-old and 13-year-old groups were 36.91%and 10.43%,respectively,and the risk in the former was 5.00 times that in the latter(OR=5.00,95%CI=3.22-7.52).The prevalence rates in rural and urban students were 38.53%,22.46%,respectively,and the risk in the former was 2.17 times that in the latter(0R=2.17,95%Cl=1.90-2.47).The prevalence of flat feet in male and female students were 34.21%,23.29%,respectively,and the risk in male students was 1.71 times higher than that in female students(0R=1.71,95%CI=1.50-1.95).The incidence of flat feet correlated with BMI,and the risk of flat feet was higher in the group with overweight and obese groups than normal(OR=1.31,1.10,P<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of flat feet in school-age children aged 7-13 years decreased with age.The prevalence and risk of flat feet is lower in girls than boys,and the incidence and risk of flat feet are lower in urban than rural children.The incidence of flat feet in most children is moderate,and the risk increased with increasing BMI.For school-aged children with flat feet,early prevention,detection and treatment are needed.