杂交水稻制种产业回顾及持续发展对策

Review of Hybrid Rice Seed Production Industry and Countermeasures for Sustainable Development

中国通过近50a杂交水稻制种技术研究与实践,先后形成了三系法和两系法杂交水稻制种技术体系及机械化制种技术体系,建立了一批具有生态优势的国家级杂交水稻制种基地,杂交水稻制种规模与技术一直处于世界领先地位。但目前尚存在制种组织管理模式欠规范、基地建设速度较慢、新技术推广迟缓,制种技术实施不及时、制种产量与种子质量不稳定等问题。为确保中国杂交水稻制种产业可持续高质量发展,提出以下对策:政企协调配合共同建设具有高标准农田与先进设施设备的专业化制种基地;严格实施种业企业基地准入制,完善制种经纪人资质管理;加强新组合制种技术研究,加快推广杂交水稻机械化制种技术,进一步规范制种风险保险。

Through the research and practice of hybrid rice seed production technology in the past nearly 50 years,China has successively developed three-line hybrid rice seed production technology system,two-line hybrid rice seed production technology system and mechanized hybrid rice seed production technology system,and established a number of national hybrid rice seed production bases with ecological advantages.The scale and technology of hybrid rice seed production has been in a leading position in the world.However,there are still some problems,such as unstandardized organization and management mode of seed production,slow base construction,slow promotion of new technology,untimely implementation of seed production techniques,unstable seed yield and seed quality.In order to ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of hybrid rice seed production industry in China,the following countermeasures are proposed:coordinating between government and enterprises to jointly build specialized seed production bases with high standard farmland and advanced facilities and equipment,strictly implementing the base access system for seed industry enterprises,improving the qualification management for seed production brokers,strengthening research on seed production techniques of new hybrid rice combinations,accelerating the popularization of mechanized hybrid rice seed production technology,and further standardizing the risk insurance of seed production.