数字技术冲击、治理模式与企业转型升级

Digital Technology Impact,Governance Models and Enterprise Transformation and Upgrading

当前数字技术快速发展,对实体经济产生了深远的影响。基于2008-2016年五次中国私营企业调查数据和数字技术专利数据,采用Probit模型实证分析数字技术冲击是否能够促进企业转型升级。研究结果表明,数字技术能够对企业转型升级产生显著的促进作用,不仅能够推动企业新产品、新服务的转型升级,还能够加速企业新技术研发。进一步分析发现,这种效果在不同企业治理模式下存在异质性。具体而言,从重大决策上看,数字技术主要促进由股东会、董事会、管理会议进行重大决策的企业转型升级、产品服务升级和技术研发,但仅促进由主要出资人、经理人进行重大决策企业的技术研发;从日常管理上看,数字技术会促进由股东会、董事会和职业经理人进行日常管理的企业升级、产品服务升级和新技术研发,也会促进由子女或家族其他成员进行日常管理企业的技术升级。

The current rapid development of digital technology has had a profound impact on the real economy.Using the Probit model in analyzing the data from five surveys of Chinese private enterprises and digital technology patents from 2008 to 2016,the present paper empirically analyzes whether digital technology impacts can promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises.It finds that digital technology has a significant power not only in promoting the transformation and upgrading of new products and services,but also in accelerating the research and development(R&D)of new technologies.Further analysis reveals that there is heterogeneity in this effect across different corporate governance models.Specifically,digital technology will mainly facilitate enterprise transformation and upgrading,product service upgrading and technology R&D when key decisions are made in the meetings of shareholders,boards of directors and management,but will only facilitate technology R&D when key decisions are made by major contributors and managers.In daily management,digital technology will not only facilitate enterprise upgrading,product service and new technology R&D that are managed by the meetings of shareholders,boards of directors and professional managers,but also facilitate the technological upgrading of enterprises that are managed by descendants or other family members.