2012—2022年常州市武进区百日咳流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Wujin district of Changzhou city,2012-2022

目的 分析常州市武进区2012—2022年百日咳病例的流行病学特征,为制定武进区百日咳防控策略提供依据。方法 用描述性流行病学方法对2012—2022年武进区百日咳流行特征进行分析。结果 2012—2022年武进区共报告百日咳病例30例,年均报告发病率为0.32/10万。2012—2016年仅报告1例,2017年起报告发病率开始增加,2017—2022年报告发病率总体呈上升趋势(趋势χ^(2)=15.650,P<0.05)。病例男女性别比0.76∶1,冬春季高发,发病人群主要为1岁以内的婴儿和4岁~组和7~9岁组的儿童,病例数分别占病例总数的46.67%,23.33%和20.22%。有吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗(DTaP)免疫史的婴幼儿及儿童病例占病例总数的86.67%,接种疫苗后平均2.54年发病。结论武进区2017年起百日咳报告发病率呈明显上升趋势,婴幼儿和学龄儿童高发。建议探索更优的免疫策略,开展百日咳病例的主动监测,同时提高镇卫生院和社区卫生服务中心的诊断水平。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Wujin District of Changzhou City from 2012 to 2022,and provide basis for formulating pertussis prevention and control strategy.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the pertussis epidemic in Wujin district from 2012 to 2022.Results A total of 30 cases of pertussis were reported in Wujin district from 2012 to 2022,with an average annual reported incidence of 0.32/100000.During 2012 to 2016,only 1 case was reported,and the incidence increased from 2017,and showed increasing trend from 2017 to 2022(χ^(2)=15.650,P<0.05).The ratio of the male to the female was 0.76:1.The incidence was high in winter and spring,and the infants under 1 year old and the children at age group 4-years and 7-9 years were the main cases,with the proportion of 46.67%,23.33%and 20.00%,respectively in total number of cases.The cases of children with DTap immunization accounted for 86.67%in all cases,and onset in average 2.54 years after vaccination.ConclusionssThe reported incidence rates of pertussis show increasing trend in Wujin district since 2017,and high in infants and school-age children.It is suggested to explore better immunization strategies,carry out active monitoring for pertussis epidemic,and improve the diagnostic level in the township health centers hospitals at the same time.