生命周期评价在焦化领域中的应用及研究进展

Application and research progress of life cycle assessment in coking industry

焦化行业作为传统的煤化工产业,目前仍存在高能耗、高污染、产能过剩等问题。生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,简称LCA)作为一种系统地评价产品或工艺过程整个生命周期环境影响的评价方法和管理工具,目前已经广泛应用于各行各业。在焦化过程中引入LCA方法可以为行业的绿色可持续发展提供系统的理论指导和决策依据。本文简述了LCA的理论方法和技术框架,对焦化领域的LCA相关文献进行分析,并综述了LCA方法在焦化生产、焦炉煤气下游利用以及焦化废水处理方面的应用和研究进展。重点从目标与范围的确定、生命周期清单数据的获取、生命周期影响评价方法、影响类型和解释结果等方面探讨了焦化领域LCA的研究现状,指出了目前存在的主要问题,如系统边界界定和相关细节假定交代不清晰、分配方法不明确、数据来源和质量良莠不齐、本地化清单数据库较为缺乏、生命周期影响评价方法选取不统一、结果解释不够完整等一系列问题。最后,基于当前焦化领域LCA的研究现状和亟待解决的问题,对未来焦化过程中的LCA发展提出建议,认为焦化过程中的LCA应该从明确系统边界、建立全面的本土化生命周期清单数据库、选择合理的分配方法以及评价指标多元化4个关键方面加强研究。

Coking industry,as a traditional coal chemical industry in China,is still faced with problems such as high energy consumption,pollutants and overcapacity.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is a systematic environmental impact assessment method and management tool for assessing the environmental impact of products and processes over the entire product life cycle,which has been widely used in various fields by providing a systematic theoretical guidance and decision-making for the green and sustainable development of coking industry.The theory and framework of LCA are introduced and the articles in coking industry are analyzed.The application and research advancement of LCA in the coking industry such as coking production,downstream utilization and coking wastewater are reviewed in this study.The primary issues of LCA in coking industry are discussed from four dimensions(i.e.,goal and scope definition,inventory data acquisition,impact assessment method,impact categories,and interpretation),including:the assumptions on system boundaries and details are not clearly defined;the allocation method remains unclear;data sources and quality are inconsistent;LCIA methods are not uniform;local LCI database is lacking,and the findings are not clearly interpreted.Finally,in order to solve the urgent problems of LCA in coking industry,some suggestions are proposed such as clarifying system boundaries,establishing a comprehensive local inventory database,selecting the correct allocation method,and diversifying evaluation indexes.