菌肥与腐熟秸秆对盐碱地燕麦渗透生理特性及产量的影响

Effects of Bio-Fertilizer and Rotten Straw on Osmotic Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Oats in the Saline-Alkaline Environment

为明确菌肥和腐熟秸秆对盐碱地燕麦渗透生理及产量的调节作用,以燕麦品种白燕2号和草莜1号为材料,分析了菌肥(F)、腐熟秸秆(S)及二者配施(FS)对燕麦不同生育时期植株K^(+)、Na^(+)、可溶性糖、有机酸含量及株高和产量的影响。结果表明,苗期和拔节期燕麦各器官K^(+)和Na^(+)积累量较高,且茎和叶的K^(+)、Na^(+)积累量均明显高于根部。与空白对照(CK)相比,S和FS处理均显著提高各时期燕麦根、茎、叶K^(+)含量,显著降低Na^(+)含量。F、S和FS处理对各时期两个燕麦品种植株可溶性糖含量也有显著影响。F处理显著增加了抽穗期和灌浆期两个品种植株总有机酸含量,尤其是草酸、乙酸、柠檬酸比例提高;S和FS处理下抽穗期燕麦植株总有机酸含量在第一年较CK显著提高,而第二年显著降低,主要是由草酸变化引起。F、S及FS处理在第二年均显著提高两个品种的籽粒、鲜草和干草产量,其中FS处理的增产效果最好。这说明腐熟秸秆配施菌肥有助于增强盐碱地燕麦植株的渗透调节能力,提高其适应性,促进其生长,并显著提高其产量,适宜在盐碱地区进行推广应用。

In order to clarify the effects of different treatments on osmotic physiology and yield of oat in saline-alkaline land,the effects of control(CK),bio-fertilizer(F),rotten straw(S),and combined application of bio-fertilizer and rotten straw(FS)on K^(+),Na^(+),soluble sugar,organic acids,plant height,and yield in organs of Baiyan 2 and Caoyou 1 at different growth stages were studied.The results showed that the accumulation of K^(+)and Na^(+)inorgans of oats were higher at seedling and jointing stages,and the accumulation of K^(+)and Na^(+)in stems and leaves were significantly higher than that in roots.S and FS treatments significantly increased K^(+)content,but significantly decreased Na^(+)content in roots,stems,and leaves.The treatments significantly affected the soluble sugar content of the two oat varieties in different periods.F treatment significantly increased the total organic acid content of the two oat varietiesat heading and filling stages,especially the proportion of oxalic acid,acetic acid,and citric acid.The total organic acid content of the two oat varieties at heading stage was significantly increased by S and FS treatments in the first year,but significantly decreased in the second year,which was mainly attributed to the changes in oxalic acid changes.After two years of improvement,F,S,and FS treatments significantly increased the grain yield,fresh and dry forage yield.Under the conditions of saline-alkaline environment,the combination of rotten straw and bio-fertilizer enhanced the osmotic physiological regulation ability of oat plants,improved their adaptability,promoted their growth,and significantly increased their yield.It is suitable for popularization and application in saline-alkaline area.