文人园林的情景关系发展研究——以辋川别业、独乐园、拙政园为例

The Development of Situational Relationships in Literati Gardens:Taking Wangchuan Bieye,Duleyuan and Humble Administrator's Garden as Examples

文人园林是我国古典文化重要的组成部分,也是我国古代文人抒发情怀的物质载体。唐代以降,文人造园之风日盛至明代达到高潮,期间造园从模山范水到自出新意的转变,亦体现了造园主体对于客体认知的转变。该文从情景关系这一体现文人园林的核心造园理念入手,选取唐、宋、明三代较为著名的辋川别业、独乐园以及拙政园为例,通过文献梳理,比较分析造园主体与不同客体对于同一认知对象园林的反馈,试图探寻我国文人园林中情景关系表现的特点,理出借景抒情、情景交融、情景适会这一递进式的发展脉络。为理解文人园林的造园理念以及所采用的手法与客观感知的互动关系提供相关历史理论基础,亦期望可为今人理解并进一步创造具有文化渊源、文化特色、文化自信的的园林空间设计提供借鉴与启示。

Literati garden is an important part of Chinese classical culture,and also is the material carrier for ancient Chinese literati to express their feelings.From the Tang Dynasty,the popularity of literati gardening flourished until the Ming Dynasty reached its climax.During this period,the gardening changed from modelling mountains and waters to creating new ideas,which also reflected the change of the main body of gardening in the perception of objects.Starting with the situational relationship,the core concept of gardening that reflects literati gardens,we select Wangchuanbieye,Duleyuan and Humble Administrator's Garden,which are well-known in the Tang,Song and Ming dynasties as examples,through literature review,we compare and analyze the feedback of the gardening subject and different objects on the same cognitive object garden,and attempt to explore the characteristics of the performance of situational relations in China's literati gardens,then we sort out the progressive development context of"borrowing scenery to express feelings,blending feelings and scenes,and adapting scenes".We hope to provide the relevant historical theoretical basis for understanding the gardening concept of literati gardens and the interactive relationship between the adopted techniques and objective perception,and we also hope to provide reference and enlightenment for modern people to understand and further create the garden space design with cultural origin,cultural characteristics and cultural confidence.