用于空间探测的静电分析器轻量化设计与验证

Lightweight Design and Verification of Electrostatic Analyzer for Space Exploration

针对空间探测载荷的轻量化需求,以空间等离子体探测的静电分析器为研究对象,进行了轻量化设计和验证。在材料及加工方式选择方面,充分利用增材制造这一新兴加工手段,打破传统轻量化设计时追求低密度材料的思路,对比多种材料及加工方式下设备重量及力学表现,确定铝合金为主要材料,3D打印为主要加工方式。在结构设计方面,基于3D打印加工的优势,在减小设备各部分结构厚度的同时,适当设置加强筋以解决薄壁在后处理时易产生形变的问题。采取上述方案设计的设备质量减少至1.2 kg,比使用镁合金及传统加工方式的设备质量(2.2 kg)下降45%。以典型航天任务的鉴定级力学试验条件作为输入,开展了设计模型的有限元仿真,完成实物加工装配以及力学试验,验证了该设计的抗力学性能。

Aiming at the lightweight requirement of space exploration load,the electrostatic analyzer for space plasma exploration is taken as the research object,and the lightweight design and verification are carried out.In the selection of materials and processing methods,additive manufacturing,a new processing method,is fully used breaking the traditional idea of pursuing low-density materials in lightweight design.By comparing the weight and mechanical performance of equipment under various materials and processing methods,aluminum alloy is determined as the main material and 3D printing as the main processing method.In the aspect of structure design,based on the advantages of 3D printing processing,the structural thickness of each part of the equipment is reduced,and stiffeners is appropriately set to solve the problem that the thin wall is prone to deform during post-processing.The mass of the equipment designed in the above scheme is reduced to 1.2 kg,which is 45%lower than that of the equipment using magnesium alloy and conventional processing methods(2.2 kg).Taking the identification-level mechanical test conditions of typical aerospace missions as input,the finite element simulation of the design model was carried out,and the physical processing,assembly and mechanical tests were completed to verify the anti-mechanical properties of the design.