不同处理中间锦鸡儿引发柠条种子小蜂行为反应及其挥发物成分分析

Behavioral responses of Bruchophagus neocaraganae(Hymenoptera,Eurytomidae)to the different treatments of Caragana liouana and analysis of its volatile components

[目的]柠条种子小蜂(Bruchophagus neocaraganae)是我国林业危险性有害生物。本研究将明确柠条种子小蜂对3种不同处理(健康、机械损伤和受柠条种子小蜂危害)中间锦鸡儿(Caragana liouana)的行为反应,测定不同处理的植物挥发物组分,以及挥发物单体对柠条种子小蜂的作用。[方法]利用Y型嗅觉仪测定柠条种子小蜂成虫对3种不同处理的中间锦鸡儿的行为选择,采用动态顶空吸附法和气相色谱—质谱联用仪(GC-MS),收集并分析健康、机械损伤和受柠条种子小蜂危害后挥发物组分及相对含量的变化,并进行主成分分析。[结果]健康中间锦鸡儿对柠条种子小蜂成虫具有显著的诱引作用,受虫害的中间锦鸡儿对柠条种子小蜂成虫具有显著的趋避作用。不同处理的中间锦鸡儿挥发物中共含有35种化学成分,主要为萜烯类化合物,另外还有少量酯类、醇类、酮类、醛类、烷烃和烯烃化合物。与健康植株相比,受虫害的中间锦鸡儿挥发物中新出现了3-蒈烯、α-蒎烯、α-香柠檬、β-波旁烯等物质,健康植株挥发物中检测到的水杨酸甲酯、顺-3-己烯醇和环癸醇并未在虫害植株中检测到。与健康植株相比,受机械损伤后的中间锦鸡儿挥发物中新出现了α-香柠檬、γ-戊内酯、对乙基苯甲醛等物质。健康植株挥发物中检测到的反-3-己烯醇、罗勒烯和水杨酸甲酯并未在机械损伤植株中检测到。在行为选择试验中,反-3-己烯醇、柠檬烯和水杨酸甲酯对柠条种子小蜂产生吸引作用,3-蒈烯、β-石竹烯和月桂烯对柠条种子小蜂产生趋避作用,柠条种子小蜂对乙基苯甲醛和γ-戊内酯无明显的选择行为。[结论]柠条种子小蜂的危害以及机械损伤均能改变中间锦鸡儿挥发物组分,反-3-己烯醇、柠檬烯和水杨酸甲酯对柠条种子小蜂产生吸引作用,3-蒈烯、β-石竹烯和月桂烯对柠条种子小蜂产生趋避作用,可以为开发该害虫的植物源引诱剂或趋避剂奠定基础。

[Objective]Bruchophagus neocaraganae is a dangerous pest in Chinese forestry.This study aimed to clarify the be⁃havioral responses of B.neocaraganae to three different treatments of Caragana liouana(healthy,mechanically damaged,and damaged by B.neocaraganae),to determine the volatile components of the plant under different treatments,and to analyze the effects of individual volatiles on B.neocaraganae.[Methods]The behavioral selection responses of the adults of B.neocaraga⁃nae to three different treatments of C.liouana were measured using a Y-tube olfactometer.Dynamic headspace adsorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)were used to collect and analyze changes in volatile components and relative content under healthy,mechanically damaged,and damaged by B.neocaraganae,followed by principal component analysis.[Results]The results showed that the healthy C.liouana had a significant attraction effect on B.neocaraganae,while damaged C.liouana had a significant repellent effect on them.The volatile compounds of C.liouana under different treatments con⁃tained a total of 35 chemical components,mainly terpenoids,and a small amounts of esters,alcohols,ketones,aldehydes,al⁃kanes,and olefins.Compared with healthy plants,feeding damaged C.liouana emitted new substances such as 3-Carene,α-Copaene,α-Bergamotene,andβ-bourbonene.The volatiles detected in healthy plants,such as methyl salicylate,(Z)-3-hex⁃enol,and Cyclodecanol,were not found in feeding-injured plants.Compared with healthy plants,mechanically damaged C.li⁃ouana emitted new substances such asα-Bergamotene,γ-Valerolactone,and 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde,while volatiles such as trans-3-Hexen-1-ol,β-Ocimene,and methyl salicylate were not tested in mechanically damaged plants.In behavioural prefer⁃ence experiments,trans-3-Hexen-1-ol,limonene,and methyl salicylate exerted an attractive effect on B.neocaraganae,while 3-Carene,β-Caryophyllene,andβ-Myrcene exerted an avoidance effect on them.B.neocaraganae did not exhibit any signifi⁃cant selection behaviour for 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde orγ-Valerolactone.[Conclusion]The study concluded that B.neocaraganae infestations and mechanical damage could alter the volatile components of C.liouana.And trans-3-Hexen-1-ol,limonene,and methyl salicylate had an attractive effect on B.neocaraganae,while 3-Carene,β-Caryophyllene,andβ-Myrcene had an avoid⁃ance effect on them.These findings provided a basis for the development of plant-derived attractants or repellents for this pest.