北京中轴线河湖水系对城市布局的影响及价值研究

The Influence and Value of the Rivers and Lakes System along Beijing Central Axis on the Urban Layout

北京中轴线是元、明、清代以来北京城的对称之轴,是北京城的脊梁与灵魂。其中,河湖水系对中轴线的形成、发展和格局形态有着至关重要的影响。近年来,北京中轴线正在积极申请列入世界文化遗产名录,在这个过程中非常有必要揭示河湖水系对中轴线的影响和价值意义。对此,以“与中轴线形成和发展相关的河湖水系”为研究对象,分析了河湖水系对北京中轴线及以中轴线为引领的老城空间格局的影响,并通过实例阐释了河湖水系对北京中轴线所发挥的价值。研究表明:河湖水系是北京中轴线形成演变的决定性因素之一,不仅强化了中轴线对称的形态格局和外向延展性,也增强了中轴线蓝绿交织的景观格局和街巷肌理不规则等特征,极大地丰富了中轴线文化遗产类型,提升了中轴线的文化价值和科技价值,同时对未来中轴线申遗及其生态建设具有助推作用。

The central axis of Beijing is the symmetrical symbol and the backbone of Beijing.The historic rivers and lakes exerted crucial influence on the construction and development of the central axis.In recent years,Beijing is making great efforts to apply for UNESCO World Heritage recognition,and it is necessary to systematically explore the influence and value of the historic rivers and lakes related to the central axis.Taking the"rivers and lakes related to the central axis"as the object,this research aimed to clarify the influence on the central axis and the layout of the corresponding old city of Beijing.The research results revealed that the historic rivers and lakes have been the decisive factor for the evolution of the central axis of Beijing,which strengthened the symmetrical morphological pattern and enhanced the characteristics like landscape,gardens and streets.At the same time,the water cultural heritages and the corresponding water wisdom have greatly enriched the cultural heritage types and the technological value of the central axis.In the future,the historic rivers and lakes along with the water wisdom will promote the central axis application to world heritage list and the construction of ecological civilization.