茭白叶堆肥不同用量对番茄生长、产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of different application amounts of Zizania latifolia leaf compost on tomato growth,yield,quality and soil fertility

为明确茭白叶堆肥的潜在应用价值,采用设施栽培,研究茭白叶堆肥的不同堆制原料和施肥量对番茄生长、产量、品质、氮肥利用率和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,移栽后21 d内,2种茭白叶堆肥对番茄株高、茎粗的促生长效果均好于商品有机肥;番茄的氮素农学效率、氮养分吸收量及氮素利用效率均随着茭白叶堆肥施肥量的增加呈上升趋势;商品有机肥在相同施肥量下对土壤有机质、氮、磷含量的提高效果好于2种茭白叶堆肥。2种堆肥在氮肥施用量为470.25 kg·hm^(-2)时番茄产量均最高,T5处理(堆肥A)、T8处理(堆肥B)产量分别为112.68 t·hm^(-2)、106.98 t·hm^(-2);T8处理番茄品质为各处理中最优,其可溶性蛋白、维生素C、可溶性糖、有机酸含量(w,后同)分别为7.23 mg·g^(-1)、40.61 mg·100 g^(-1)、5.88%和0.66%。研究表明,茭白叶堆肥对番茄产量、品质、氮肥利用率均有较好提升效果,T8处理(堆肥B施用量28068.59 kg·hm^(-2))的施肥方案最具推广价值。

To explore the application potential of Zizania latifolia leaves compost,the effect of raw materials of the compost and amount of the compost used on the growth,production and quality of tomato and nitrogen use efficiency,soil fertility under facility cultivation was evaluated.The growth-promoting effects of two kinds of Zizania leaf compost on tomato plant height and stem diameter were better than those of commercial organic fertilizer within 21 days after transplanting.The nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of tomato increased with the increase of Zizania latifolia leaf compost fertilizer.The effect of commercial organic fertilizer on soil fertility was better than that of two kinds of Zizania leaf compost under the same amount of fertilizer.The yield of tomato was the highest when the nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 470.25 kg·hm^(-2),the yield of T5 treatment(compost A)and T8 treatment(compost B)was 112.68 t·hm^(-2) and 106.98 t·hm^(-2),respectively.The quality of tomato treated with T8 was the best among all treatments,and the content of soluble protein,vitamin C,soluble sugar,organic acid reached 7.23 mg·g^(-1),40.61 mg·100 g^(-1),5.88%and 0.66%respectively.Zizania latifolia leaf compost has a good effect on tomato yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency,and the fertilization scheme of T8 treatment(compost B application amount of 28068.59 kg·hm^(-2))had the most promotion value.