政策激励、创新竞赛与区域创新表现

Policy Incentives,Innovation Competition and Regional Innovation Performance

在实施创新驱动发展战略背景下,地方政府之间的政策互动呈现“为创新而竞争”的新内涵和新特征。基于全国258个地级市2010—2020年的面板数据,利用面板门限模型和空间计量模型,考察地方政府参与区域创新竞赛的本地影响及空间效应。研究发现:创新扶持政策对本地创新水平的影响呈显著的倒U形,政策激励总体上是有效的;创新政策的本地效应随着地方财政规模的扩大而增强,表现出显著的门槛特征;区域创新竞赛的空间效应同样表现出“低强度时促进、高强度时抑制”的倒U形特征;创新质量的异质性检验显示,区域创新竞赛更容易造成地区之间“重数量、轻质量”的低水平创新比拼。基于实证结论,提出应立足本地创新比较优势实施有效的政策激励、结合本地财政收支情况合理安排创新政策的力度、协调地区间创新政策的良性互动、注重创新竞赛对创新质量的引导等政策建议。

Under the background of the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy,the policy interaction among local governments has taken on a new connotation and characteristics of competition for innovation.Based on the panel data of 258 prefecture-level cities across China from 2010 to 2020,a panel threshold model and a spatial econometric model are used to investigate the local impact and spatial effects of local governments participating in regional innovation competitions.The results indicate that:The impact of innovation support policies on local innovation level presents a significant inverted U-shaped,and policy incentives are effective on the whole;The local effect of innovation policies strengthens with the expansion of the local fiscal scale,showing a significant threshold characteristics;The spatial effect of regional innovation competitions also shows an inverted U-shaped characterized with promotion at low intensities and suppression at high intensities;The heterogeneity test of innovation quality demonstrates that regional innovation competitions are more likely to result in low-level innovation activities,with the problem of emphasizing quantity while ignoring quality across regions.Based on the empirical conclusions,some policy recommendations are proposed,such as implementing effective policy incentives based on local comparative advantages in innovation,rationally arranging the strength of innovation policies in combination with local fiscal revenue and expenditure,coordinating the benign interaction of innovation policies among regions,and laying stress on the guidance of innovation competitions to innovation quality.