植物多糖降解方法及降解产物特性研究进展

Research progress on degradation methods and product properties of plant polysaccharides

基于植物多糖降解的必要性,综述了植物多糖的降解方法及降解产物的理化性质和生物活性,认为:物理降解法降解效率高、绿色环保、操作简单,但存在降解不彻底、反应不充分、生产成本高等不足;化学降解法简便易行、对降解设备要求低,但存在降解产物不易分离、污染环境等问题;生物降解法反应条件温和、降解速率快且产物均一,但存在降解成本高、对条件要求严格等不足;多种降解方法协同使用可弥补单一降解方法的不足,提高植物多糖的降解效率;降解可显著降低植物多糖的分子质量、特性黏度,提高植物多糖的抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、降血糖、降血脂等生物活性。未来可在开发操作简单、绿色环保、定向降解、产物均一的降解方法、降解产物高级结构与生物活性的构效关系等方面进行深入研究,以进一步推进植物多糖的发展和应用。

Based on the necessity of plant polysaccharide degradation,the degradation methods of plant polysaccharides and the physicochemical properties and biological activities of the degradation products were reviewed as follows.The chemical degradation method was simple and easy to implement,and had low requirements for degradation equipment,but there were problems such as difficult separation of degradation products and environmental pollution;the biodegradation method had mild reaction conditions,fast degradation rate and uniform products,but there were high degradation costs,strict requirements for conditions;the synergistic use of multiple degradation methods could make up for the shortcomings of a single degradation method and improved the degradation efficiency of plant polysaccharides;degradation could significantly reduce the molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of plant polysaccharides,and improved the antioxidant and anti-tumor properties,anti-inflammatory,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and other biological activities of plant polysaccharides.In the future,in-depth research can be carried out in the development of simple and environmentally friendly,directional degradation,and uniform degradation methods,and the structure-activity relationship between the advanced structure of degradation products and biological activity,so as to further promote the development and application of plant polysaccharides.