青春期男性乳房发育的病因及发病机制研究进展

Progress in the etiology and pathogenesis of pubertal gynecomastia

青春期男性乳房发育症(pubertal gynecomastia,PG)是一种男性乳腺良性增生疾病,90%的发病者属于生理性,且具有自限性。雌激素与雄激素水平比值的短暂失衡被认为是男性乳房发育的主要原因,但这也可能是内分泌相关性腺疾病及遗传基因病的潜在征兆,引起生殖系统疾病及社会心理障碍。PG的病因及发病机制对认识及诊疗PG具有重要意义,故该研究就国内外PG的病因及发病机制相关研究作一综述,归纳其关键病理环节,如雄激素缺乏相关性男性乳房发育和高雌激素相关性男性乳房发育,以期为PG的早期筛查及诊断提供一定的参考依据。

Pubertal gynecomastia(PG)is a benign gynecomastia illness in which 90 percent of cases are physiological and self-limiting,and gynecomastia is thought to be caused by a temporary imbalance in estrogen to androgen levels.However,this can be a potential sign of endocrine-related gonadal diseases and genetic disorders,leading to serious reproductive system problems as well as psychosocial issues.The etiology and pathogenesis of PG are of great significance to the understanding and diagnosis and treatment of PG.As a result,this article reviews related research on the etiology and pathogenesis of PG at home and abroad,summarizes its key pathological links,such as androgen deficiency-associated gynecomastia and hyperestrogen-related gynecomastia,in order to provide certain reference for the early screening and diagnosis of PG.