酸性矿山废水治理技术研究进展

Trend of Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Technology

酸性矿山废水(Acid Mine Drainage,AMD)酸性强,富含重金属离子和硫酸盐,若处理不当将严重危害土壤环境和人体健康,是矿山环境修复工作中亟需解决的问题。首先介绍了AMD的来源与危害;然后概述了AMD源头控制技术和末端治理技术的研究现状,总结并比较了覆盖法、中和法、表面钝化法、杀菌法等源头控制技术与离子交换法、膜分离法、吸附法、中和沉淀法、微生物法、人工湿地法等末端治理技术的优缺点,并就成本高、易造成二次污染等问题提出了今后的重点研究方向应兼顾经济效益和环境效益,综合源头控制技术与末端治理技术的优点,以更好地进行AMD治理;最后从新型处理技术研发、治理理念转变、“废物”资源化利用3个角度展望了AMD治理技术的发展趋势,旨在为AMD治理技术应用于工程实践探索新途径。

Acid Mine Drainage(AMD)is highly acidic and rich in heavy metal ions and sulfates,which seriously harms the soil environment and human health.It is an urgent problem to be solved in environmental restoration of mines.The source and harm of AMD is introduced,an overview of the research status of active technology and passive technology of AMD is given,the advantages and disadvantages of active technologies such as covering method,neutralization method,surface passivation method and sterilization method and passive technologies such as ion exchange method,membrane separation method,adsorption method,neutralization precipitation method,microbial method and constructed wetland method are summarized and compared in this paper.In order tosolve theproblems of high cost and secondary pollution,the future research direction should be focused on the economic and environmental benefits.The advantages of active technology is combined with passive technology to better conduct AMD pollution control;Finally,the development trend of AMD pollution control technology is prospected from three perspectives of new technology research and development,treatment concept transformation,"waste"recycling,in order to explore a novel way for application of AMD treatment technology to engineering practice.