发酵床对泌乳奶牛健康状况和生产性能的影响

Effects of Fermentation Bed on Health Status and Production Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows

试验旨在研究发酵床与水泥地对泌乳奶牛健康状况和生产性能的影响。试验设发酵床组与水泥地面组,各选健康的泌乳奶牛30头,通过奶牛体表卫生评分、生产性能和血液生化等指标进行评估。结果表明:水泥地面组奶牛体表卫生平均分高于发酵床组奶牛39.3%。发酵床组与水泥地面组奶牛的日产奶量、蛋白质、脂肪、非脂乳固体、相对密度均差异不显著(P>0.05),发酵床组牛乳中体细胞数量显著低于水混地面组(P<0.05)。发酵床组牛舍相对湿度显著高于水泥地面组(P<0.05),氨气浓度显著低于水泥地面组(P<0.05),温度、噪声两组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。发酵床组与水泥地面组奶牛白细胞、红细胞、血小板计数,血红蛋白、血总蛋白、总胆固醇含量,谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05),发酵床组血清葡萄糖含量显著高于水泥地面组(P<0.05)。发酵床组奶牛乳房炎和肢蹄病的发病率低于水泥地面组28.3%。综上所述,发酵床养殖能够提高奶牛的体表卫生和牛舍舒适度,降低奶牛乳房炎和肢蹄病发病率,从而影响奶牛的生产性能。

The experiment aimed to study the effects of fermentation bed and cement on the health status and production performance of lactating dairy cows.The test was divided into fermentation bed group and cement floor group,each selected 30 healthy lactating dairy cows,and evaluated by the body surface hygiene score,production performance and blood biochemical index.The results showed that the average sanitary score of dairy cows was 39.3%higher than that in the fermentation bed group.The daily milk yield,protein,fat,non-fat milk solid and relative density of the fermentation bed group and the cement ground group were not significantly different(P>0.05),and the number of somatic cells in the fermentation bed group was significantly lower than that of the water mixed ground group(P<0.05).The relative humidity of cowshed in fermentation bed group was significantly higher than that of cement floor group(P<0.05),the ammonia concentration was significantly lower than that of the cement ground group(P<0.05),and the difference of temperature and noise were not significant(P>0.05).The white blood cell,red blood cell,platelet count,hemoglobin,total blood protein,total cholesterol content,alanaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the fermentation bed group were not significantly different(P>0.05),and the serum glucose content in the fermentation bed group was significantly higher than that in the cement floor group(P<0.05).The incidence of mastitis and limb foot disease was lower in the fermentation bed group than 28.3%in the cement floor group.In conclusion,fermentation bed farming could improve the body surface hygiene and barn comfort,and reduce the incidence of mastitis and limb-foot disease,thus affecting the performance of dairy cows.