炳灵寺石窟第147窟风化病害与气象环境特征

Study on the weathering disease and meteorological environment characteristics of Cave 147 in Bingling Temple Grottoes

为探究炳灵寺石窟第147窟风化病害与气象环境特征相关性,对比分析洞窟不同空间位置风化产物重量及温湿度特征。结果显示,5—11月是风化主要时间段,风化产物占总量的98.7%,7—8月最严重,占总量的73.4%,洞窟后部是主要风化区域,风化产物占总量的92.3%。窟内相对湿度主要受窟外降雨影响,5—10月雨季相对湿度较高,且波动较大,大于60%天数为178天。窟内不同区域相对湿度与温度呈负相关,洞窟后部空间相对湿度高于前部,上部空间低于中下部,而越靠近洞窟后部、上部,相对湿度波动越大。研究表明,第147窟风化病害程度与气象环境具有空间和时间上的对应关系,结合可溶盐分析结果,可初步推定高湿环境是第147窟风化破坏的重要环境因素。

In order to explore the correlation between weathering diseases and meteorological environment characteristics in Cave 147 of Bingling Temple Grottoes,the weight of weathering products,temperature and humidity characteristics at different spatial locations were compared and analyzed.The results showed that May to November was the main period of weathering,the weathering products weight accounted for 98.7%of the total,and July to August is the most severe weathering months accounted for 73.4%of the total amount.The rear of the cave is the main area of weathering,the weight accounting for 92.3%of the total monitored area.The relative humidity inside the cave is mainly affected by the rainfall.The relative humidity in the rainy season from May to October is relatively high and fluctuates greatly,with the number of days exceeding 60%being 178 days.The relative humidity in different areas of the cave is negatively correlated with the temperature.The relative humidity in the rear space is higher than that in the front,and the upper space is lower than that in the middle and lower parts.The results show that the degree of weathering damage in Cave 147 corresponds to the meteorological environment in space and time.Combined with the results of soluble salt analysis,it can be preliminarily inferred that the high humidity environment is the important meteorological element of weathering damage in Cave 147.