司法人工智能面临的伦理风险及应对策略

Study on the Ethical Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Practice and Coping Strategies

目前,全国各级法院都在如火如荼地开展智慧法院建设工作。人们在享受司法人工智能高效率的同时,也应时刻警惕其中的伦理风险。以数据为基础的“平台化”建设可能会导致个人隐私泄露以及法官主体地位弱化;以机器深度学习为基础的“智能化”建设,其算法歧视、算法黑箱以及场域变化等问题可能导致裁判不公、裁判不可解释、司法人文关怀缺失。本文认为:为应对这些伦理风险,应强调人的道德主体地位,加强数据源头治理,完善内部规制和外部监督体系,合理分配人机工作,为法官保留充足的决策空间。

At present,courts at all levels across the country are in full swing to build smart courts.While enjoying the high efficiency of artificial intelligence,we should always be alert to the ethical risks involved.Platforms based on data may lead to the leakage of personal privacy and the weakening of judges’status;and“artificial intelligence”based on deep learning of machines,its algorithm discrimination,algorithm black box and field changes may result in unfair and inexplicable decisions and lack of judicial humanistic care.In order to respond to these risks,relevant departments should emphasize the moral subjectivity of human beings,strengthen the governance of data sources,improve the regulation and supervision system,reasonably allocate human-machine work and reserve sufficient decision-making right for judges.