中国政府对于社会矛盾的回应机制研究

Research on China’s Government Response Mechanism to Social Contradictions

改革开放以来,中国经济快速发展下的社会长期稳定问题成为海外学者关注的重要话题。既有研究注意到经济发展的效应,而尚未充分关注中国政治发展的贡献,这其中,构成中国政治发展有机内容的政府回应性,则是重要要素。中国政府通过制度变迁和政策改革回应社会需求、化解社会矛盾,应当是中国社会长期稳定的一个有效解释。从保障和改善民生到加强和创新社会管理,再到建设社会治理共同体,反映了社会矛盾作为国家治理信息被不断纳入社会治理的变迁轨迹。各层级政府在不同时段以制度供给和政策改革积极回应社会矛盾的机制和方式包括:中央政府——取消农业税、建立最低生活保障制度、编制突发公共事件应急预案;地方政府——网络问政、重大决策社会稳定风险评估、接诉即办;基层政府——网格化管理、县委书记大接访、县级社会矛盾纠纷调处化解中心建设等。

Since China’s reform and opening up,the issue of long-term social stability under the rapid economic development of China has become a significant subject of interest for overseas scholars.Some studies have noted the effects of economic development,yet have not fully acknowledged the contribution of China’s political development.Within this,the government responsiveness,which constitutes the organic content of China’s political development,emerges as a significant element.The Chinese government addresses societal needs and resolves social discord through institutional changes and policy reforms,providing an effective explanation for China’s endured social stability.The transition from ensuring and improving people’s livelihood to strengthening and innovating social management,and to constructing a social governance community,mirrors the trajectory of social contradictions as a form of state governance information being continuously integrated into social governance.The mechanisms and methods by which governments at all levels proactively respond to social contradictions through the supply of institutions and policy reforms at different times include:the central government–the abolition of agricultural taxes,the establishment of a minimum subsistence guarantee system,and the formulation of contingency plans for public emergencies;the provincial government–online political consultation,risk assessment of social stability in major decision-making,and swift response to public complaints;the primary government–grid-based community management,the county party secretary’s large-scale reception of complaint visits from masses,and the construction of county-level social contradictions and disputes resolution centers,etc.