外源γ-氨基丁酸对葡萄光合色素、内源激素和品质的影响

Effects of exogenousγ-aminobutyric acid on photosynthetic pigments,endogenous hormones and grape quality

【目的】探究外源γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)对葡萄光合色素、内源激素含量变化和果实品质的影响。【方法】以10年生蛇龙珠葡萄为试材,设置清水(CK)、5(T_(1))、10(T_(2))、15(T_(3))、20 mmol/L(T_(4))共5个处理,于开花期、坐果期、果实膨大期、转色期和成熟期进行整株喷施。【结果】T_(2)处理的物候期葡萄叶片Chl a、Chl b、Car和Chl t均呈现先升高后降低的趋势;成熟期,KT、IAA、GA_(3)和ABA分别较CK提高35.06%、35.29%、27.0%和27.95%,葡萄果实总花色苷、可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量均显著高于CK,分别提高6.25%、11.15%和8.55%,可滴定酸含量显著低于CK,较CK降低11.48%;总酚、单宁和总类黄酮在T_(3)处理下差异显著,较CK分别提高36.94%、48.80%和10.68%。相关性分析表明果实中KT、IAA、GA_(3)、单粒重、纵径、横径、果形指数、可溶性糖和单宁共9项之间的相关关系呈显著正相关。【结论】试验结果表明,叶面喷施10 mmol/L GABA可有效提高葡萄光合色素和内源激素含量并改善葡萄品质,处理效果最佳,可为优质高效葡萄栽培提供技术支撑与理论依据。

【Objective】To study the effects of exogenousγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)on the changes in photosynthetic pigments,endogenous hormones and fruit quality in grape.【Method】10-year-old Cabernet Gernischt grape was used as the material,and five treatments of clear water(CK),5(T_(1)),10(T_(2)),15(T_(3))and 20 mmol/L(T4)were set up,and the whole plant was sprayed at flowering stage,fruit setting stage,fruit expanding stage,color changing stage and mature stage.【Result】At phenological stage,Chl a,Chl b,Car and Chl t of grape leaves treated with T_(2)first increased and then decreased.At mature stage,KT,IAA,GA_(3)and ABA increased by 35.06%,35.29%,27.0%and 27.95%respectively compared to CK,and the contents of total anthocyanins,soluble solids and soluble sugar in grape berries were significantly higher than CK,increasing by 6.25%,11.15%and 8.55%respectively,and the titratable acid content was significantly lower than CK,being 11.48%lower than CK.Total phenolics,tannins and flavonoids were significantly different under T_(3)treatment,being 36.94%,48.80%and 10.68%higher than CK,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between KT,IAA,GA_(3),single berry weight,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index,soluble sugar and tannin.【Conclusion】Foliar spraying of 10 mmol/L GABA could effectively increase the content of photosynthetic pigments and endogenous hormones in grapes and improve the quality of grapes,with the best treatment effect,which could provide technical support and theoretical basis for high quality and high efficiency grape cultivation.