新疆南疆核桃肥料效应及推荐施肥量测算

Calculation of fertilizer effects and recommended fertilizer amount of walnut in southern Xinjiang

研究新疆南疆核桃施肥效应与最佳效益的推荐施肥量,为肥料的高效利用提供理论依据。以南疆叶城县为研究区,基于“3414+2”试验方案开展核桃肥料效应研究,并利用一元二次、三元二次肥料效应函数进行拟合,进而优化南疆核桃的N、P2O5、K2O施肥量。结果表明,(1)不同施肥量对核桃的产量影响显著,其中N2P2K2处理的产量、品质显著高于其他处理;不同氮肥处理与核桃产量的相关性显著,而磷肥、钾肥对品质的影响更为明显;(2)三元二次回归肥料效应方程的拟合度显著高于一元二次方程,据此测算的核桃推荐施肥量结果为以核桃产量为主要目标情景下,N、P2O5、K2O最佳施用量分别为0.21、0.59和0.58 kg/株,最佳施肥配比为1.0∶2.8∶2.7,预测最佳产量为8.90 kg/株;而以追求核桃品质为目标时,N、P2O5、K2O最佳施用量范围分别是0.55~0.64、1.37~1.50、0.56~0.62 kg/株。基于“3414”肥效试验和三元二次肥效方程回归测算的氮磷钾推荐施肥量及其配比,可为新疆南疆核桃科学施肥提供理论依据。

Studying the fertilization effect of walnut and the recommended fertilization amount for the best benefit in southern Xinjiang can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of fertilizers.This study selected Yecheng County as the specific research area,and the research on the effect of walnut fertilizer was carried out based on the“3414+2”experimental plan.The univariate quadratic and ternary quadratic fertilizer effect functions were used for fitting,and then the N,K2O and P2O5 fertilization amount of walnut in southern Xinjiang were optimized.The results showed that:(1)Different fertilization rates had a significant impact on the walnut yield,which the yield and quality of N2P2K2 treatment were significantly higher than other treatments.The correlations between different nitrogen fertilizer treatments and walnut yield were significant,while the effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on quality were more significant;(2)The fitting degree of the ternary quadratic regression fertilizer efficiency equation was significantly higher than that of the univariate quadratic equation.The recommended walnut fertilization rate calculated based on the fitting results showed that the N,P2O5 and K2O reached the optimal amount of fertilizer under the scenario of walnut yield as the main target.The dosages were 0.21,0.59 and 0.58 kg/plant,respectively,the optimal fertilization ratio was 1.0∶2.8∶2.7,and the predicted optimal yield was 8.90 kg/plant.In order to pursue the quality of walnuts,the optimum application rate ranges of N,P2O5 and K2O were 0.55~0.64,1.37~1.50 and 0.56~0.62 kg/plant,respectively.Based on the“3414”fertilizer efficiency test and the regression calculation of the ternary quadratic fertilizer efficiency equation,the NPK recommended fertilization amount and its ratio can provide a scientific basis for the precise fertilization of walnuts in southern Xinjiang.