不同微生物菌剂-化肥配施对柠檬苗生长及土壤养分状况的影响

Effects of different microbial agents combined with chemical fertilizer on the growth of lemon seedlings and soil nutrient status

探讨不同微生物菌剂-化肥配施对柠檬苗的生长和土壤改良效果,为柠檬苗的科学施肥提供可靠的依据。以“云柠1号”柠檬苗为试验材料,研究不同微生物菌剂-化肥配施对柠檬苗植株生长状况及土壤理化性质的影响,以期获得微生物菌剂-化肥配施的最佳组合。结果表明:在丛枝菌根、拜赖青霉、枯草芽孢杆菌、复合菌株4种菌剂配施化肥的处理中,从植株生长情况和土壤营养状况综合来看,效果最佳的是83.30 mL/株拜赖青霉+柠檬专用肥20 g/株的处理;显著提高了土壤中的有机质、速效钾、碱解氮、中微量元素和植株叶片的叶绿素含量,较单施化肥(CK)分别提高了142.88%、305.63%、72.22%、32.66%、43.23%;且土壤pH值保持在适合柠檬生长范围,植株表现为主干增粗、冠幅均匀、营养枝和结果枝比例协调;叶面积和叶片鲜重增加显著,分别较CK提高了211.11%、20.68%。结合植株的生长情况和土壤营养状况整体来看,4种微生物菌剂-化肥配施表现为:拜赖青霉>丛枝菌根>复合菌株>枯草芽孢杆菌>CK;与CK相比,4种微生物菌剂-化肥配施均可促进柠檬苗的生长,提高土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾及矿质元素含量,其中,拜赖青霉-化肥配施效果最佳。

The effects of different microbial fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the growth of lemon seedlings and the improvement of the soil were explored to provide reliable basis for scientific fertilization of lemon seedlings.“Yunning No.1”lemon seedlings were taken as test materials,the effects of different microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined application on the plant growth and soil physicochemical properties were studied,in order to obtain the optimal combination of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.The results showed that in the treatments of four bacterial agents combined with chemical fertilizers of Arbuscular mycorrhizae,Penicillium baili,Bacillus subtilis and Composite strains,from the comprehensive perspective of plant growth and soil nutrient status,the best treatment was the application of 83.3 mL/plant Penicillium baili combined with 20 g/plant lemon fertilizer,which significantly increased the contents of organic matter,available potassium,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,medium and trace elements in soil and the chlorophyll content of the plant leaves by 142.88%,305.63%,72.22%,32.66%,and 43.23%,respectively,compared with the control(CK,single application of chemical fertilizer),and the soil pH value kept in the suitable range for lemon to growth.The plant showed that the trunk was thickened,the crown width was uniform,and the proportion of vegetative branch and fruiting branch was coordinated.The leaf area and leaf fresh weight increased significantly,which were 211.11%and 20.68%higher than that of CK.On the whole,the effect of the combined application of four kinds of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer showed as follows:Penicillium baili>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi>Complex strains>Bacillus subtilis>CK.The combined application of four kinds of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could promote the growth of lemon seedlings,improve the soil nutrient status,and increase the contents of organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and mineral elements in the soil,and the combined application of penicillium baili-chemical fertilizer had the best effect.