基于作物表型的温室精准灌溉策略研究进展

A Review on Precision Irrigation Strategy for Greenhouse Crops Based on Phenotype

水分状况直接决定着温室作物的产量与品质,根据作物表型变化来反应其水分胁迫状况是当前研究的热点。作物表型参数综合考虑了由于土壤(或基质)水分减少和蒸腾蒸发需求量而引起水分胁迫的累积效应,据此可以更精确地判断作物水分胁迫水平,进而为实现精准灌溉提供相关依据。该文对国内外基于作物表型(茎直径变化、茎流、冠层温度)的温室精准灌溉策略研究现状进行了分析与总结,相关研究表明,茎直径变化、茎流和冠层温度3个诊断指标可以反映植物的水分状况,但作物表型受环境因子影响较大,一般需排除环境因子对作物表型的影响或与环境因子等外界因素进行综合分析建模,建立综合作物表型-环境因子等因素的作物需水模型,用以指导灌溉;同时提出了国内基于作物表型进行灌溉还存在基础理论不完善、技术研发不先进、设备监测不精确等问题,并对基于作物表型的灌溉策略未来的发展方向进行了展望,未来国内温室灌溉领域需向着加强作物表型与灌溉的基础理论研究、积极探索新技术、研发新装备、提升温室环境控制水平等方向前进。该文可推动该领域相关研究为实现温室作物的精准灌溉提供参考。

Water status directly determines the yield and quality of greenhouse crops.It is a hot topic to reflect the water stress status according to the phenotypic changes of crops.Crop phenotypic parameters comprehensively consider the cumulative effect of water stress caused by soil(or matrix)water reduction and evapotranspiration demand.Based on this,the level of crop water stress can be judged more accurately,and then provide a relevant basis for precise irrigation.In this paper,the research status of greenhouse precision irrigation strategy based on crop phenotype(stem diameter change,stem flow,canopy temperature)at home and abroad were analyzed and summarized.Relevant studies showed that the three diagnostic indicators of stem diameter change,stem flow,and canopy temperature could reflect the water status of plants,but the crop phenotype was greatly affected by environmental factors.Generally,the influence of environmental factors on crop phenotype or the comprehensive analysis and modeling of external factors such as environmental factors should be excluded,and the crop water requirement model based on crop phenotype-environmental factors should be established to guide irrigation;At the same time,it is pointed out that there are still some problems in domestic irrigation based on crop phenotype,such as imperfect basic theory,unadvanced technology research and development,and inaccurate equipment monitoring.The future development direction of irrigation strategy based on crop phenotype is prospected.In the future,the domestic greenhouse irrigation field needs to strengthen the basic theoretical research of crop phenotype and irrigation,actively explore new technologies,develop new equipment,and improve the level of greenhouse environment control.This paper can provide a reference for promoting relevant research in this field and realizing precision irrigation for greenhouse crops.