干旱胁迫下多胺在植物体内的积累及其作用

Accumulation and functions of polyamines in plants under drought stress

干旱胁迫是造成作物减产的主要非生物胁迫之一。多胺是存在于植物体内的一类具有强烈生物活性的低分子量脂肪族含氮碱,参与植物器官发生、胚胎发生、花芽分化、叶片衰老、花粉管生长、果实发育和成熟等生理过程,且在植物遭受干旱胁迫时发挥着重要作用。本研究对多胺的合成和分解代谢、多胺在非生物胁迫下的功能、干旱胁迫下多胺积累的物种差异和品种差异、利用外源添加和转基因方法阐明多胺在生理水平上通过提高植物生长发育、光合能力、渗透调节物质积累和抗氧化能力增强植物抗旱性,以及多胺在分子水平上参与植物干旱胁迫期间信号转导进行了综述。

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that causes reductions in crop yields.Polyamines are a class of low molecular weight aliphatic nitrogenous bases in plants.They have strong biological activity and are involved in a range of physiological processes such as plant organogenesis,embryogenesis,bud differentiation,leaf senescence,pollen tube growth,and fruit development and ripening.They also play important roles in plants under drought stress.In this paper,we review research on the anabolism and catabolism of polyamines,their functions under abiotic stress,and differences in their accumulation among species/varieties of plants under drought stress.We also discuss studies on the effects of exogenous polyamines and those using transgenic approaches to elucidate the roles of polyamines at the physiological level.The body of research on polyamines has shown that they enhance drought resistance by improving plant growth and development,photosynthetic capacity,accumulation of osmoregulatory substances,and antioxidant capacity,and that they participate in signal transduction at the molecular level in plants under drought stress.