草原调查、监测与评价的国际经验和启示

Grassland investigation,monitoring and evaluation:international experience and insight

草原调查、监测与评价是掌握草原资源现状和发展动态的首要基础工作。我国的草原调查、监测与评价体系基础薄弱、更新慢、发展滞后,使得我国草原资源底数不清,趋势不明,无法满足草原精细化管理需求。我国草原监管正处于机构改革和职能转变期,总结和分析国际草原大国的先进经验,对我国的草原调查、监测与评价体系进行优化和完善,将有利于我国草原监管能力的提升。本研究系统梳理了美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国际草原大国在草原调查、监测与评价体系建设方面的经验,以期为我国草原监管制度的完善提供参考。国际经验表明,开展多时间尺度精细监测、设置丰富的监测指标、研发和应用先进的技术手段、建设固定观测网络、开发数据集成管理平台、发展数据传播共享机制、扩大成果应用范围、组建专业技术队伍、鼓励公众参与等做法,更能满足当前多元利益主体间多目标、精细化草原管理需求,值得我国草原监管工作借鉴。

Grassland investigation,monitoring and evaluation(GIME)is the foundation for understanding the current situation and development dynamics of grassland resources.China’s GIME system has problems of a weak foundation,slow update and tardy development,which lead to an obscure information base and unclear definition of trends relating to grassland resources in China.Therefore the need for more sophiticated management of grassland can’t be met.The wider management of China’s grassland resource is at the stage of institutional reform and functional transformation.Based on experience from countries that possess abundant grassland resources,optimization and refinement of a GIME system would be conducive to the improvement of national grassland oversight.This study systematically summarizes the experience from construction of GIME systems in America,Canada and Australia and this experience offers valuable guidance for development of grassland supervision systems in China.International experience implies that certain practices,such as implementing multi-time scale fine monitoring,setting ample monitoring indicators,researching and applying advanced technologies,building a field observatory network,developing an integrated data management platform and a mechanism of data sharing,expanding the application range of outcomes,forming professional technical teams,and encouraging public participation,will better fulfill demands for multi-objective and more sophisticated grassland management for different stakeholders,and as such which deserve widespread promotion.