互联网环境下中国文化消费影响因素、影响机制及空间效应分析

Analysis of the Influencing Factors,Mechanism and Spatial Effect ofChinese Cultural Consumption under the Internet Environment

互联网的发展催生了新的文化消费形态,便捷了居民文化消费渠道,涌现出各类新型的文化产品,对居民文化消费产生了重大影响。因此,研究新环境下居民文化消费的影响因素,对促进居民消费结构优化升级,推动文化产业经济快速健康发展具有重要意义。但目前研究还未考虑网络因素对居民文化消费的实际影响,忽视了系统研究新环境下文化消费不同影响因素间交互作用及其在地区间的影响差异和空间效应等。基于此,文章通过纳入互联网发展程度变量,研究了新环境下居民收入、支出、文化消费供给等基本要素对文化消费的单独影响、交互作用影响和综合影响,以及文化消费及其影响要素的区域发展关联性等,从而实现了对文化消费与其影响因素间关系的从时间、空间双层面的完整分析,更深刻的识别了文化消费影响因素的关键作用路径。

In the context of supply-side reform,cultural consumption has become one of the main driving forces for China to expand domestic demand and promote the sound and stable development of the economy with its many hot spots and great flexibility.At the same time,the development of the Internet has facilitated the cultural consumption channels of residents,spawned various new forms of cultural consumption,and had a significant impact on the cultural consumption of residents.However,at present,the gap of cultural consumption of Chinese residents is huge,and its potential is far from being effectively developed and utilized,and there is a large space for cultural consumption.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the influencing factors and mechanism of residents’cultural consumption in the new environment for promoting the optimization,upgrading residents’consumption structure,and promoting the rapid and healthy development of the cultural industry economy.Based on this,this study makes a complete analysis of cultural consumption and its influencing factors from both time and space.First,it breaks through the problem that the existing research only takes the network element as the research background,and analyses its specific impact path on cultural consumption.Secondly,it analyses the individual impact,interactive impact and comprehensive impact mechanism of each factor on cultural consumption,effectively explains the inconsistency of the impact results of each factor on cultural consumption in the current research,and can more profoundly identify the actual action path of each factor.Finally,by analysing the spatial correlation and spill over effects of cultural consumption and its influencing factors,it provides guidance for the coordinated development of cultural consumption among regions.The research sequence of the article is as follows:Firstly,based on the existing theoretical research and practical development,six factors affecting residents’cultural consumption are proposed,including income,price,investment,education,network,population dependency ratio,and the impact mechanism of each factor on cultural consumption is analysed.Secondly,the article constructs the model of influencing factors of residents’cultural consumption under the Internet environment“Y=F(IN,PD,PI,INV,EDU,INE)”,and puts forward relevant research assumptions.Finally,the model and hypothesis are statistically verified by using MATLAB and STATA software.It includes the analysis of the individual impact of each element on cultural consumption,the impact of the interaction of different elements on cultural consumption,the comprehensive impact mechanism of each element,the spatial correlation and spill over effect of cultural consumption and each element.The article selects the relevant data of cultural consumption in 31 provinces and cities from 2005 to 2016 as the analysis sample.The data of all elements are from China Statistical Yearbook and China Culture and Related Industries Statistical Yearbook.Among them,residents’cultural consumption expenditure is the calculated per capita cultural,educational and entertainment consumption expenditure of residents.The income factor is composed of four types of income weighted by the income of urban and rural residents.The price is expressed by the consumer price index of cultural,educational and recreational residents.The investment includes the whole society’s fixed assets investment in culture,education,sports and entertainment and cultural undertaking fees.The educational elements are obtained by the weighted average of the current length of schooling.Network elements are expressed by the proportion of netizens.The population dependency ratio is divided into juvenile dependency ratio and elderly dependency ratio.The spatial weight matrix adopts the combination of the distance matrix of each province and the cultural industry investment matrix.The research finds that income is the main influencing factor of residents’cultural consumption,and it also affects the relationship between other factors and cultural consumption.The restriction of price on cultural consumption is becoming more and more intense with the increase of income.To effectively alleviate this restriction,a more inclusive price system for cultural products should be formulated.The development of the Internet can reduce the threshold of residents’cultural consumption,and the investment in cultural industry can improve the opportunities of residents’cultural consumption.In the future,we can start with“cultural industry+network”,and use the advantages of the network to improve the added value of cultural industry investment and its impact and guidance on cultural consumption.The consumption of education and its derivatives still account for a large proportion of cultural consumption,which not only restricts the cultural consumption of residents,but also increases the expenditure of cultural consumption at lower levels of education,especially for children.However,at present,the elderly population has more leisure and entertainment time,and the old-age medical security is more perfect,which makes their cultural consumption expenditure increase.Therefore,how to reduce the cost of education and training,and increase the leisure and entertainment time of adults has become the main factor to improve the residents’willingness to consume culture.And the development of the Internet and the integration of culture and high-tech industries can well solve this problem.Cultural consumption in each province has the characteristics of aggregation and obvious spill over effect.Factors such as income,residents’education level,price and Internet development level will have a significant impact on the cultural consumption of residents in neighbouring regions.Therefore,we can consider how to improve residents’cultural consumption willingness from the perspective of regional coordinated development.