土地流转、农户创业与多维相对贫困缓解--基于中国家庭追踪调查数据的实证分析

Land Transfer,Farmer Entrepreneurship and Multidimensional Relative Poverty Alleviation:Empirical Analysis Based on CFPS Data

在解决绝对贫困问题之后,为实现全体人民共同富裕的远大目标,如何有效缓解相对贫困问题是后扶贫时代工作的重点和难点。土地有序流转是后扶贫时代防止返贫致贫、助力农户实现多元增收的有效路径,对驱动农户多维相对贫困缓解具有重要价值。文章基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS2018)微观数据构建多维相对贫困指标体系,采用A-F双界限法测度农户多维相对贫困状况,实证分析土地流转对农户多维相对贫困的影响效应,进一步利用中介效应模型分析农户创业的机制作用。研究结果表明:土地流转有助于缓解农户多维相对贫困,与未流转户相比,流转户陷入多维相对贫困的概率明显下降。进一步分析发现东、西部具有显著的多维减贫效应,但中部不显著;此外,土地转出的多维减贫效应明显强于土地转入。中介效应检验发现,土地流转能够通过影响农户创业实现多维相对贫困的缓解。鉴于此,提出完善土地流转制度、健全农村社会保障体系、精准做好多维相对贫困的识别工作、因地制宜制定相关创业扶持政策等对策建议,这为巩固脱贫攻坚成果、扎实推进第二个百年奋斗目标实现提供参考。

After solving the problem of absolute poverty,in order to achieve the lofty goal of common prosperity for all people,how to effectively alleviate the problem of relative poverty is the focus and difficulty of the work in the postpoverty alleviation era.The orderly transfer of land is an effective way to prevent poverty and help farmers increase their income in the post-poverty alleviation era,which is of great value to drive farmers to alleviate multi-dimensional relative poverty.Based on the micro data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS2018),this paper constructs a multidimensional relative poverty index system,uses the A-F double boundary method to measure the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers,empirically analyzes the impact of land transfer on the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers,and further uses the mediating effect model to analyze the mechanism of farmers'entrepreneurship.The results show that land transfer helps to alleviate the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers.Compared with non-transfer households,the probability of transfer households falling into multidimensional relative poverty is significantly reduced.Further analysis shows that the eastern and western regions have significant multidimensional poverty reduction effects,but the central region is not significant.In addition,the multidimensional poverty reduction effect of land transfer is significantly stronger than that of land transfer.The mediating effect test found that land transfer can alleviate multidimensional relative poverty by affecting farmers'entrepreneurship.In view of this,it is proposed to improve the land transfer system,improve the rural social security system,accurately identify the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers,and formulate relevant entrepreneurial support policies according to local conditions,which provides a reference for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and solidly promoting the realization of the second centenary goal.