临界温度高于110 K氧化物超导体的种类和特性

Types and Properties of Copper-Oxide Superconductors with Critical Temperatures Above 110 K

氧化物超导体是非常规超导体最重要的表现形式之一,其中铊系、汞系和铜碳系列超导体的超导临界转变温度(Tc)都可达到110 K及以上,高的超导转变温度和液氮温区较高的不可逆磁场,以及广泛应用潜能备受人们关注。显然,高的超导临界温度使超导应用的冷却介质选择增多,经济实用的冷却剂可望扩大这些高超导转变温度超导体的应用领域和增加长期运行可行性。本文对110 K超导临界温度超导材料包括铊系、汞系和铜碳系超导体的发展历程和超导性能进行介绍和总结,并从理论上去分析超导转变温度的影响因素,定性解释高温超导体高Tc的原因。特别关注分析了它们不可逆场的差异,展望这些高临界温度超导体的可能新型应用。

Oxide superconductor is one of the most important forms of unconventional superconductors,in which the transition temperatures of thallium series,mercury series and copper-carbon series superconductors can reach 110 K or above.High superconducting transition temperature and irreversible magnetic field in liquid nitrogen temperature region have attracted much attention.Obviously,the high superconducting critical temperature increases the choice of cooling medium for superconducting applications.Economical and practical coolants are expected to expand the application fields of these high superconducting transition temperature(Tc)superconductors and increase the feasibility of long-term operation.In this paper,the development and superconducting properties of 110 K superconducting materials including thallium,mercury and copper-carbon superconductors are introduced and summarized,and the factors affecting the superconducting transition temperature are analyzed theoretically to qualitatively explain the reasons for the high Tc of high temperature superconductors.Special attention is paid to the analysis of the differences of their irreversible fields,and the possible new applications of these high critical temperature superconductors are prospected.