荔枝果实性状多样性分析

The Fruit Character Diversity Analysis of Litchi

为探究不同荔枝品种果实性状多样性,以期为高效利用荔枝种质资源提供参考依据,以120个荔枝品种为试材,对其果实形状、大小、果皮厚度、果皮质量、种子质量、单果质量、焦核率等形态和品质指标进行了鉴定评价。结果表明:供试品种果实形状从椭圆形到心形,果皮颜色从黄绿色到紫红色,龟裂片类型从平坦到尖突,果实风味从酸到甜,香气从无香到蜜香,肉质从粗糙到爽脆,汁液从少到多,果肉色泽从蜡黄到蜡白均有分布,单果质量13.36~56.04 g,焦核率0%~100%,果皮厚度0.74~3.13 mm,种子质量0.5~5.53 g,果实可食率59.18%~82.48%,可溶性固形物含量13.1%~21.7%。单果质量、焦核率、果皮厚度、种子质量、可食率、可溶性固形物6个数量性状的变异系数依次为31.71%、32.33%、48.94%、9.96%、7.92%、155.42%,其多样性指数(H')依次为1.8596、1.3017、1.9614、2.0206、2.0913、1.3017,荔枝品种之间果实品质性状表现出不同程度的变异和多样性。供试的120个荔枝品种果实的8个描述性状和6个数量性状均存在不同程度的多样性,后续荔枝品种选育、新种质收集等工作能以此作为参考依据开展。

In order to explore the fruit character diversity of different litchi varieties,provide reference for high-efficient utilization of Litchi germplasm resources,120 litchi varieties were used as test materials to identify and evaluate the main traits of fruit,such as longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,lateral diameter,fruit shape index,skin thickness,skin weight and seed weight.The results showed that the fruit shape of the tested varieties ranged from oval to heart shape,the skin color ranged from yellow-green to purplish red,the type of cracked pieces ranged from flat to sharp,the fruit flavor ranged from sour to sweet,the aroma from no fragrance to honey,the meat quality from rough to crisp,the juice from less to more,the pulp color from sallow to white,and the weight of single fruit was 13.36-56.04 g.The kernel rate was 0%-100%,the peel thickness was 0.74-3.13 mm,the seed weight was 0.5-5.53 g,the fruit edible rate was 59.18%-82.48%,the soluble solid content was 13.1%-21.7%.The coefficients of variation of 6 quantitative traits including single fruit weight,char kernel rate,peel thickness,seed weight,edible rate and soluble solids were 31.71%,32.33%,48.94%,9.96%,7.92%and 155.42%.The diversity index(H')was 1.8596,1.3017,1.9614,2.0206,2.0913,1.3017,and the fruit quality traits showed different degrees of variation and diversity among litchi varieties.The 8 descriptive characters and 6 quantitative characters of 120 litchi varieties tested show different degrees of diversity,which could be used as a reference for subsequent litchi variety breeding and new germplasm collection.