不同免疫检验方法在乙型肝炎患者血清标志物检测中的应用

Application of different immunoassay methods in detection of serum markers in patients with hepatitis B

目的 分析不同免疫检验方法在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染患者血清标志物检测中的应用。方法 选择2021年10月—2022年10月聊城市第二人民医院收治的80例乙型肝炎(乙肝)患者作为研究对象。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)和化学发光法(CLIA)检测血清标志物[包括乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝e抗体(HBeAb)、乙肝核心抗体(HBcAb)、乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)、乙肝e抗原(HBeAg)],分别纳入荧光定量PCR组和CLIA组,每组各40例。比较两组患者各指标的阳性检出率,分析并比较两组患者的诊断准确率以及乙肝血清标志物标水平。结果 CLIA组检出HBV感染人数39例,准确率为97.50%,荧光定量PCR组检出感染人数32例,准确率为80.00%,CLIA组的诊断准确率明显高于荧光定量PCR组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。荧光定量PCR组的HBsAb、HBcAb检出率与CLIA组比较差异均无统计学意义[HBsAb:15.00%(6/40)比17.50%(7/40),HBcAb:65.00%(26/40)比70.00%(28/40),均P>0.05],CLIA组的HBsAg、HBeAb、HBeAg检出率均明显高于荧光定量PCR组,差异均有统计学意义[HBsAg:72.50%(29/40)比52.50%(21/40),HBeAb:30.00%(12/40)比10.00%(4/40),HBeAg:30.00%(12/40)比10.00%(4/40),均P<0.05]。结论 对HBV感染患者推荐使用CLIA法进行检测,准确率较高,操作方法简便,值得在临床推广。

Objective To analyze the effect of different immunoassay methods on the detection of serum markers in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Methods The 80 patients with hepatitis B who visited Liaocheng Second People's Hospital from October 2021 to October 2022 were selected as research objects.The real-time quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and chemiluminescence(CLIA)were used to detect the serum markers[hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),hepatitis B e antibody(HBeAb),hepatitis B core antibody(HBcAb),hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb)and hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)],which were included in fluorescent quantitative PCR group and CLIA group,with 40 cases in each group.The positive detectable rates of each index were compared between the two groups,and the diagnostic accuracy and levels of hepatitis B serum markers of two groups were analyzed and compared.Results The CLIA group detected 39 cases of HBV infection,with an accuracy of 97.50%,while the fluorescence quantitative PCR group detected 32 cases of HBV infection,with an accuracy of 80.00%.The diagnostic accuracy of CLIA group was significantly higher than that of fluorescence quantitative PCR group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the detectable rates of HBsAb and HBcAb between fluorescence quantitative PCR group and CLIA group[HBsAb:15.00%(6/40)vs.17.50%(7/40),HBcAb:65.00%(26/40)vs.70.00%(28/40),both P>0.05].The detectable rates of HBsAg,HBeAb and HBeAg in CLIA group were significantly higher than those in fluorescence quantitative PCR group,and the differences were statistically significant[HBsAg:72.50%(29/40)vs.52.50%(21/40),HBeAb:30.00%(12/40)vs.10.00%(4/40),HBeAg:30.00%(12/40)vs.10.00%(4/40),all P<0.05].Conclusion The CLIA method is recommended for detecting HBV infected patients with high accuracy and simple operation,which is worth promoting in clinical practice.