完整型博物馆的设想——评《八十年代的博物馆——世界趋势综览》

The Idea of Integrated Museum--Book review:Museums for the 190s:A survey of World Trends

在《八十年代的博物馆——世界趋势综览》一书中,肯尼斯·赫德森基于20世纪70年代世界范围内的博物馆现实,提出了“完整型博物馆”的设想:博物馆“为社会服务”的目标构成其存在基础;为此,博物馆既需要整合各种理念、方法、技术,避免顾此失彼,又需要打破博物馆内外的种种边界,使各种资源得以联动;博物馆再无法躲在抽象的“概念”之后,而必须直面具体的社群与环境。反观当下,2022年ICOM博物馆定义的修订正体现出博物馆“完整化”与“具体化”的发展趋势;书中所提及的延宕至今的种种“错位”性现实,则呼吁着对博物馆持续性、多视角的反思与变革。

In the book Museums for the 19 s:A Survey of World Trends,Kenneth Hudson put forward the idea of"Integrated Museum"based on the worldwide museum reality in the 1970s:the goal of"serving society"of museums constitutes the basis of their beings;Based on this,the museum not only needs to integrate various ideas,methods and technologies to avoid neglecting one or the another,but also needs to break boundaries inside and outside the museum to make resources linked.Museums can no longer hide behind abstract"concepts"but face the specific community and environment.Back to now,in 2022,the revision of ICOM museum definition shows the trend of museum being more integrated and more specific.The various"dislocation"realities mentioned in the book call for continuous and multi-perspective introspections and reforms of museums.