中日海交史文献中的“唐船役者”考

An Investigation of“Tousen Yakusya”in the Documents of the Sino-Japanese Maritime History

中文文献对中日海交史上商船乘员的称呼一般为舟师、合船伙计、船主、货主等,说法不一,称呼多样且杂乱,而日文文献对该类商船乘员则称为“唐船役者”。此称呼包括中文文献中的多种称谓,内涵指向更为宽泛,含义明确清晰。故以日文名称“唐船役者”作为研究指向的统一称呼,对明清时期中日文献中“唐船役者”的记载进行比较和分析,同时从语音学的视角出发探究中日文献中“唐船役者”读音的异同及特点,进而以“唐船役者”中的“直库”作为典型个案进行论述,并结合当时的历史语境,以文献互证的方法窥探该时期中日海丝商贸文化交流的原貌。

The records of the crew of merchant ships in the Sino-Japanese maritime history are generally referred to sailors,crews,ship owners,cargo owners,etc.in Chinese documents.A variety of different descriptions are used in Chinese documents,while Japanese documents refer to such merchant crew members as“Tousen Yakusya”.This appellation includes a variety of titles in Chinese literature,and it has a broader connotation definition and its meaning is more clear.Therefore using the Japanese name“Tousen Yakusya”as the unified title for the research direction,compares and analyzes the records of“Tousen Yakusya”in Chinese and Japanese documents during Ming and Qing Dynasties.At the same time,from the view of phonetics,it investigates the similarities,differences and characteristics of the pronunciation of“Tousen Yakusya”in Chinese and Japanese documents.It uses the“Zhiku”as a typical case,basing upon the historical background,to explore situations of the Sino-Japanese maritime trade and cultural exchanges in that period with the method of“mutual verification between literature and history”.