“达摩廓然无圣公案”文本演变及对梁武帝形象的塑造

The Text Evolution of“The Bodhidharma Case”and the Shaping of the Image of Emperor Liang Wu

“达摩廓然无圣公案”是佛教重要公案之一,此事件已被证实是僧侣的伪造附会。通过爬梳相关文献,故事的呈现经历了从无至有再到情节不断完善的过程。文本的扩充一方面体现在情节的细化,另一方面体现在宝志人物的出现。探究僧侣此举的动机,无非是想通过宝志高僧和帝师的双重身份来增加公案的可信度和权威性。同时,公案情节与傅大士见梁武帝的文本有着高度的一致性,从文本的撰写年代来看,公案的杜撰是有文本参照的。“达摩廓然无圣公案”是后世僧侣出于圣化达摩的目的而作,虽然是有意而为之,但是梁武帝作为公案的主人公之一,文本自然呈现出禅宗史上的梁武帝形象。因宗派差异,梁武帝的形象在《佛祖统纪》和禅宗文本中有很大不同,从中可见佛教语境下梁武帝形象的塑造呈现出复杂性和多样性的特征。

As an important Buddhist case,Bodhidharma Case has been proved to be a forgery attached by monks.By combing through the relevant literature,the presentation of the story undergoes a process from nothing to something to the continuous improvement of the plot.The expansion of the text is reflected in the refinement of the plot on the one hand and the appearance of the Bao Zhi characters on the other.The motive of the monks is to increase the credibility and authority of the case through the dual identity of the monk and the imperial teacher.At the same time,the plot of the public case has a high degree of consistency with the text of Fu Dashi’s meeting with Emperor Liang Wu,and according to the age of the writing of the text,the public case was fabricated with textual reference.Although it is intentional,the text presents the image of Emperor Liang Wu as one of the main characters of the case.Due to the differences in Buddhist sects,the image of Emperor Liang Wu in the General Records of Buddha differs greatly from that of the Zen texts,which shows the complexity and diversity of the portrayal of Emperor Liang Wu in the Buddhist context.