汉译佛典中“渡”思想的譬喻应用与实践

The Metaphorical Application and Practice of the Thought of“Transition”in the Chinese Translation of Buddhist Texts

佛经中的譬喻化抽象为具象,彰显了譬喻在佛典中化未知为已知、化深晦为浅显的功用。相较于其他譬喻思想,“渡”思想的应用更为广泛。佛教传入初期,“渡”思想常以“船师喻”的形式表现出来,譬喻佛陀如船师者引导众生脱离烦恼海;大乘佛教渐盛,“渡”思想则更加重视修行者自身的觉悟。魏晋之际,在“渡”思想的影响下,玄学亦多借鉴其思想论题,融合山水文化构建了中国文坛上特色鲜明的“渔樵世界”;东晋六朝时期,“船师喻”亦常与“火宅喻”形成组合,出现在像碑、造像记等文学作品中,体现对往生者去往极乐世界的期许。

The metaphors in Buddhist scriptures turn abstraction into concreteness,highlighting the usefulness of metaphors in Buddhist texts in turning the unknown into the known and the profound into the obvious.Compared with other metaphorical ideas,the idea of“ferry”is more widely used.In the early days of Buddhism,the idea of“ferrying”was often expressed in the form of“the metaphor of the boat master”,which is an analogy of the Buddha as a boat master guiding sentient beings out of the sea of troubles;as Mahayana Buddhism became more popular,the idea of“ferrying”attached more importance to the practitioner’s own enlightenment.In the Wei and Jin Dynasties,under the influence of the idea of“ferry”,metaphysics also drew on its ideological themes and integrated landscape culture to build a distinctive“world of fishermen and woodcutters”in Chinese literature;during the Six Dynasties of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,the“boat master metaphor”was also often associated with the“fire”metaphor.During the Six Dynasties of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,the“Parable of the Boat Master”was often combined with the“Parable of the House of Fire”to appear in literary works such as statue tablets and statue records,reflecting the expectation that the reincarnated would go to the world of bliss.