不同形态氮肥对设施黄瓜生长及氮素吸收的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Facilities Cucumis sativus L.Growth and Nitrogen Absorption

为了揭示同等氮水平下不同形态氮肥对设施黄瓜生长和氮素吸收利用的影响,通过无土盆栽研究6种不同形态氮肥(100%NH_(4)^(+)-N、50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%NH_(4)^(+)-N、100%NO_(3)^(-)-N、50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)、100%CO(NH_(2))_(2)、50%NH_(4)^(+)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2))对黄瓜干质量、氮素吸收效率、吸收速率、15 N转运量及总N的积累量的影响。结果表明:叶干质量、果干质量、植株干质量、氮素吸收效率、氮素吸收速率以及根、叶、果、植株15 N转运量和总N的积累量均在50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)时最大。茎部15 N的转运量、总N的积累量在50%NH_(4)^(+)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)处理时达到最大。氮素的生理效率和根干质量具有相同的变化规律,均在100%NH_(4)^(+)-N处理时达到最大值,100%NO_(3)^(-)-N处理时最小;叶片和果部15 N转运量和总N的积累量明显高于根和茎。相关性和隶属函数分析表明50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2)为黄瓜最优氮肥配方,单一氮肥中100%NO_(3)^(-)-N最有利于黄瓜生长和对N的吸收,100%NH_(4)^(+)-N最不适合黄瓜,这一结论为设施黄瓜生产中氮肥的选择和使用提供了科学依据。

In order to reveal the effects of different nitrogen forms on the growth and nitrogen uptake and utilization of cucumber under the same nitrogen level,the effects of 6 different forms of nitrogen(100%NH_(4)^(+)-N,50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%NH_(4)^(+)-N,100%NO_(3)^(-)-N,50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2),100%CO(NH_(2))_(2),50%NH_(4)^(+)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2))on the dry mass,nitrogen absorption efficiency,nitrogen absorption rate and transport of 15 N and the total accumulation of N in Cucumis sativus were studied by soil-free pot experiment.The results showed that the leaf dry mass,fruit dry mass,plant dry mass,nitrogen absorption efficiency,nitrogen absorption rate,15 N transport and total N accumulation of roots,leaves,fruits and plants reached the maximum under treatment of 50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2).The stem 15 N transport and total N accumulation reached the maximum under treatment of 50%NH_(4)^(+)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2).Nitrogen physiological efficiency and root dry mass had the same change rule,which reached the maximum under 100%NH_(4)^(+)-N treatment and reached minimum under 100%NO_(3)^(-)-N treatment.15 N transport and total nitrogen accumulation in cucumber leaves and fruits were significantly higher than those in roots and stems.Correlation and membership function analysis showed that 50%NO_(3)^(-)-N+50%CO(NH_(2))_(2) is the best nitrogen fertilizer formula for cucumber.In single nitrogen fertilizer,100%NO_(3)^(-)-N is the most conducive to cucumber growth and N absorption,and 100%NH_(4)^(+)-N is not suitable for cucumber growth.This study provided a scientific basis for the selection and use of nitrogen fertilizer in the production of greenhouse cucumbers.