乡村治理的四项基本制度及其构建路径——村社共同体视角下的研究

Four Basic Systems and the Path of Rural Governance--From the Perspective of Village Community

立基于农村土地集体所有及“党支部+村委会”治理架构基础上的乡村社会,在市场经济背景下要担负起乡村振兴的重任,必须重新审视和考察内在的治理结构及其互动的基本逻辑,即基本产权制度、基本组织制度、基本经营制度和基本治理制度构成的一个有机整体。土地集体所有的基本产权制度支撑村民自治的基本组织制度,基本组织制度支撑统分结合的基本经营制度,基本组织制度和基本经营制度支撑“三治结合”的基本治理制度,由此才能实现有效的乡村治理。一个村社共同体只有坚持四项基本制度,才能形成有机合作、可持续发展的共同体。新时代坚持和完善农村基本制度必须构建产权、财权、事权、治权“四权统一”的村社共同体。

The rural society based on the collective ownership of rural land and the governance structure of“Party branch+village committee”must re-examine and examine the internal governance structure and the basic logic of interaction,which is an organic whole composed of the basic property rights system,the basic or⁃ganization system,the basic management system,and the basic governance system,in order to take on the re⁃sponsibility of rural revitalization against the background of the market economy.The basic property right system of collective land ownership supports the basic organizational system of villagers’self-governance;the basic organizational system supports the basic management system of unification and division;and the basic governance system of“three governance combination”.Only in this way can effective rural governance be a⁃chieved.Only by adhering to the four basic systems can a village community form a community of organic coop⁃eration and sustainable development.To adhere to and perfect the rural basic system in the new era,we must build a village community with“four rights unified”,namely property rights,financial rights,administrative rights,and governance rights.