榧树的花粉活力检测及短期贮藏条件

Studies on pollen vitality detection and short-term storage conditions of Torreya grandis

【目的】探究不同表型榧树(主要是散粉期和花蕾大小不同)花粉活力适宜的检测方式与不同贮藏环境下花粉活力的变化趋势,为榧树花粉活力检测和贮藏提供参考依据。【方法】以6个不同表型榧树花粉为试验材料,利用TTC染色法对比不同温度和pH值环境下的花粉活力染色情况,并通过隶属函数法得出适宜的检测方式组合;使用其中3个不同散粉期的试验材料,探究3种干燥方式干燥后对花粉活力的影响,以及不同干燥方式下不同贮藏温度、贮藏时间的变化趋势。【结果】1)不同表型的榧树花粉活力的检测方式不同,除晚期大花型外,TTC质量分数0.5%染色效果均较好,温度对早、晚期类型榧树花粉活力染色表现存在差异显著,pH值在微碱性环境下花粉染色效果均明显。2)早、中期类型采取烘箱28℃干燥后0℃或-18℃贮藏7~14 d,其花粉活力能保持在60%以上,超过30 d采取室内阴干干燥-18℃贮藏,能保持35%左右的花粉活力,晚期类型28 d后均低于30%。【结论】检测榧树花粉活力以在0.5%TTC、温度28℃、pH值8.0条件下培养6 h后进行镜检为宜;早、中期散粉榧树花粉在7~14 d内采用28℃干燥24 h后在0℃或-18℃进行短期贮藏,超30 d贮藏采用室内干燥24 h后-18℃保存,晚期类型不适宜贮藏。

【Objective】The objective of this article was to study the suitable detection methods of pollen viability of Torreya grandis with different phenotypes(mainly at different powdery stages and individuals with different flower bud sizes)and the changing trend of pollen viability under different storage environments,so as to provide references for pollen viability detection and storage of Torreya grandis.【Method】The pollen of six Torreya grandis with different phenotypes was used as materials.The TTC staining method was used to observe the staining situation of pollen activity under different temperatures and pH environments.The suitable detection combination method was obtained by the membership function method.The effects of three drying methods on pollen viability and the changing trend of storage temperature and storage time under different drying methods were investigated by using the three materials during different powder dispersing periods.【Result】1)The pollen viability of Torreya grandis with different phenotypes was detected by different methods.Except for the late large flower type,a concentration of 0.5%TTC had a noticeable staining effect.Temperature showed a significant effect on the pollen viability of Torreya grandis in the early and late developmental stages.2)The pollen viability of the early and middle types could be kept above 60%at 0℃or-18℃after drying at 28℃for 7-14 d,and 35%at-18℃after 30 d.The pollen viability of the late type was lower than 30%after 28 d.【Conclusion】The suitable condition for detecting the pollen viability is 0.5%TTC,28℃and pH 8.0 for 6 h,then followed by microscopic examination.The early and middle types of Torreya grandis were dried at 28℃for 24 h and then stored at 0℃or-18℃for 7-14 d.Storage for more than 30 d should be kept at-18℃after 24 h of indoor drying,and the late-type pollen was not suitable for storage.