MAFA-PDX1过表达慢病毒感染人脐带间充质干细胞向胰岛素分泌细胞的分化

Differentiation of insulin-producing cells from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells infected by MAFA-PDX1 overexpressed lentivirus

背景:干细胞来源胰岛β细胞移植被认为是治疗1型糖尿病的有效手段。人脐带间充质干细胞是理想的细胞来源,但其向胰岛β细胞分化的效率不高。目的:研究MAFA、PDX1修饰促进人脐带间充质干细胞向胰岛素分泌细胞分化的潜能。方法:构建MAFA-PDX1过表达慢病毒载体,用细胞形态学、RT-qPCR法、双硫腙染色比较3种方案[方案A:单纯慢病毒组;方案B:先药物(尼克酰胺、β-巯基乙醇)诱导再加慢病毒组;方案C:慢病毒和药物诱导同时进行组]诱导人脐带间充质干细胞分化为胰岛素分泌细胞的效率和潜能。结果与结论:(1)细胞形态学改变:经3种方案诱导后细胞形态均发生了改变,方案B在诱导第11天细胞聚集生长最为明显,出现聚集生长的胰岛样细胞团;(2)RT-qPCR检测胰岛相关基因的表达差异:同一诱导时间点3种方案横向比较,在诱导第5天,方案C的MAFA和PDX1基因表达量最高,方案B的GCG基因表达量最高;在诱导第11天,方案B的MAFA、PDX1基因表达量以及INS和GLUT2基因表达量最高;(3)双硫腙染色鉴定锌离子:3种方案诱导第11天部分细胞被双硫腙染成棕红色,其中方案B中部分小岛状细胞被染成棕红色,颜色较深(阳性表达);(4)结果表明,MAFA和PDX1共过表达可促进人脐带间充质干细胞向胰岛素分泌细胞分化;MAFA-PDX1基因修饰联合药物诱导方案优于单纯基因修饰方案。

BACKGROUND:Transplantation of stem cell-derived isletβcells has been considered effective for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell is an ideal cellular source,but with a low differentiation efficiency to isletβcells.OBJECTIVE:To explore the possibility of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells modified by MAFA and PDX1 to differentiate into insulin-producing cells.METHODS:MAFA-PDX1 lentivirus expression vectors were constructed.The efficiency and potentiality of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into insulin-producing cells with three methods were compared by cell morphology,RT-qPCR,and dithizone staining[protocol A:Simple lentivirus group;protocol B:Drug(nicotinamideβ-mercaptoethanol)induction followed by lentivirus group;protocol C:lentivirus and drug induction group].RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Morphological change of cells:Cell morphology was all altered after the induction of three protocols.At day 11,human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells induced by protocol B showed the most cell clusters among the three protocols,appearing aggregated islet-like cell clusters.(2)Islet-related gene expression detected by RT-qPCR:Horizontal comparison of the three protocols at the same induction time point showed that the expression levels of MAFA and PDX1 genes were the highest in protocol C on day 5 of induction,and those in protocol B were the highest on day 11 of induction.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells induced by protocol B had the greatest expression of GCG gene at day 5,INS and GLUT2 genes at day 11.(3)Dithizone staining to identify zinc ions:parts of the post-induced cells were stained brownish red by dithizone on day 11.The partial small island cells were stained brownish red with a darker color(positive expression)in protocol B.(4)It is concluded that the overexpression of MAFA and PDX1 can promote the differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells.The combination of MAFA-PDX1 gene modification and drug induction is superior to the single gene modification.