糖尿病神经病变过程中非编码RNA的作用及机制

Role and mechanism of noncoding RNA in diabetic peripheral neuropathy

背景:持续性高血糖症被确认为促进神经血管功能障碍,导致不可逆的内皮细胞功能障碍、神经细胞凋亡增加、氧化应激和炎症。这些协同和单独作用导致微血管和大血管病变,以及造成进行性神经病变。非编码RNAs可能为了解该疾病的病因、发病机制、治疗方法提供新的策略。目的:查阅国内外相关文献,综述非编码RNAs在糖尿病神经病变发生发展中的作用和机制,为非编码RNA在糖尿病神经病变预防和诊疗中提供新的思路和途径。方法:检索中国知网、PubMed数据库建库至2022年所发表的文献,中文关键词“非编码RNA;lncRNA;miRNA;糖尿病周围神经病变;表达谱”;英文关键词“Noncoding RNA;lncRNA;miRNA;Diabetes peripheral neuropathy;Expression profile”,将检索到的文献进行归纳、总结、分析,选取61篇文章进行综述。结果与结论:(1)非编码RNA在调节糖尿病周围神经病变的病理生理过程中起着核心作用。在研究最广泛的调节性非编码RNA物种中,有长链非编码RNAs(lncRNAs)、环状RNAs(circRNAs)和微小RNAs(miRNAs)。(2)通过非编码RNA的调节作用,引起相关细胞通路、炎症基因及下游相关细胞因子的激活或抑制,将抑制细胞凋亡,改善炎症水平,从而改变靶基因表达来参与糖尿病神经痛的进程。(3)尽管已发现多种微小RNA、长链非编码RNAs参与糖尿病神经病变疾病,但许多非编码RNAs的作用机制仍不清楚,相同的非编码RNAs可能在不同的模型中发挥不同的作用。因此,有必要进一步研究它们在疾病病因学和病理学中的作用模式,以阐明它们在糖尿病神经病变发病机制中的作用。然而,尚未建立评估非编码RNA活性的标准,需要进一步研究哪些特定非编码RNA在调节中起主导作用。(4)微小RNAs、长链非编码RNAs及其靶基因能够调节进行性神经病变,有望成为临床防治糖尿病周围神经病变的新靶点和预警糖尿病周围神经病变发生及其预后的新型生物标志物。

BACKGROUND:Persistent hyperglycemia has been identified as promoting neurovascular dysfunction,leading to irreversible endothelial dysfunction,increased neuronal apoptosis,oxidative stress and inflammation.These changes in combination or alone lead to microvascular and macrovascular lesions as well as progressive neuropathy.Noncoding RNAs may provide a new strategy for understanding the etiology,pathogenesis and treatment of the disease.OBJECTIVE:To review the role and mechanism of noncoding RNAs in the occurrence and development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy by reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad,in order to provide new ideas and approaches for noncoding RNAs in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of diabetes neuropathy.METHODS:CNKI and PubMed were retrieved for relevant literature published from database inception to 2022.The key words were“noncoding RNA;lncRNA;miRNA;diabetes peripheral neuropathy;expression profile”in Chinese and English,respectively.The retrieved documents were summarized and analyzed,and 61 articles were finally selected for further review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Noncoding RNA plays a key role in the pathophysiological process of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Among the most widely studied regulatory noncoding RNA species,there are long noncoding RNAs,circular RNAs and microRNAs.(2)Through the regulation of noncoding RNAs,the activation or inhibition of related cell pathways,inflammatory genes and downstream-related cytokines will inhibit cell apoptosis,improve inflammation,and thus change the expression of target genes to participate in the process of diabetic neuralgia.(3)Although many microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs have been found to participate in diabetic peripheral neuropathy,the mechanisms of many noncoding RNAs are unclear,and the same noncoding RNAs may play different roles in different modes.Therefore,it is necessary to further study their action modes in disease etiology and pathology,thereby clarifying their role in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.However,the criteria for evaluating noncoding RNA activity have not yet been established,and further research is needed on which specific noncoding RNAs play a dominant regulatory role.(4)MicroRNAs,long noncoding RNAs and their target genes can regulate progressive neuropathy,which are expected to become new targets for the clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and new biomarkers for the development and prognosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.