基于食品安全指数法的台山市蔬菜和水果农药残留风险评估

Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits from Taishan City Based on the Index of Food Safety

该研究监测了2019~2021年台山市10个类蔬果中16种农药的残留量,采用食品安全指数法(Index of Food Safety,IFS)和危害物风险系数法(Hazard Risk Coefficient,R)对其进行安全水平评估。结果表明,1928份蔬果样品中,34份不合格,总体合格率为98.24%,芽菜类等3类蔬菜合格率低于总体水平,毒死蜱和克百威超标占比达35.90%。食品安全指数法显示,叶菜类蔬菜IFS为2.59,安全状态不可接受,豆类蔬菜等5类IFS为0.066~0.38,安全状态可以接受,其余4类安全状态良好;氟虫腈等3种农药IFS为0.68~14.05,对安全性影响不可接受,其余13种农药IFS为0.0058~0.76,对安全性影响可以接受。危害物风险系数法显示,毒死蜱等5种农药风险系数R为2.67~6.10,处于高风险,丙溴磷等4种风险系数R为1.91~2.22,处于中风险,其余7种均为低风险。建议监管部门应采取多种评价方法综合评估农药残留风险,加大风险品种蔬果、中高风险以及对安全影响较高的农药残留监测,同时提高快检技术在监管工作的覆盖面,加大植物生长调节剂和新型农药快检技术研发。

In this study,the residues of 16 pesticides in 10 vegetables and fruits of Taishan city were monitored from 2019 to 2021,and the safety levels were evaluated by the index of food safety(IFS)and hazard risk coefficient(R).The results showed that 34 out of 1928 vegetable and fruit samples were unqualified,and the overall passrate was 98.24%.The passrates of three types of vegetables including sprouts were lower than the overall level,and the percentage of the samples with chlorpyrifos and carbofuran exceeding the standard was 35.90%.to the results obtained by the food safety index method showed that the IFS of leafy vegetables was 2.59,and the safety status was unacceptable;the IFS values of five types of bean vegetables including were 0.066~0.38,and the safety status was acceptable;and the other 4 categories were in good safety status.The IFS values of three pesticides including fipronil were 0.68~14.05,indicating unacceptable effects on safety.The IFS values of the 13 pesticides were 0.0058~0.76,thereby the effects on safety were acceptable.The results of the hazard risk coefficient method showed that the risk coefficient R values of five pesticides including chlorpyrifos were 2.67~6.10,indicating a high risk;the risk coefficient R values of four pesticides such as propyl bromide were 1.91~2.22,indicating a medium risk;The remaining seven were all at low risk.It is suggested that the regulatory authorities should adopt a variety of evaluation methods to evaluate comprehensively the risk of pesticide residues,and increase the monitoring of risky fruit and vegetable varieties,medium-high risk pesticide residues and those with high safety impact,while improving the coverage of rapid detection technologies for supervision work,and increase the research and development of plant growth regulators and novel rapid detection technologies for pesticides.