2016—2020年桂林市5岁以下儿童意外死亡情况分析

Analysis of accidental death of children under 5 years old in Guilin from 2016 to 2020

目的分析2016—2020年桂林市5岁以下儿童意外死亡的流行病学特征及死因分布情况。方法通过广西死亡监测系统收集2016—2020年桂林市意外死亡的5岁以下儿童的一般资料,对这5年桂林市5岁以下儿童意外死亡的原因,以及年龄分布、性别分布、区域分布等流行病学特征进行分析。结果意外死亡是2016—2020年桂林市5岁以下儿童死亡的第一位死因,共有345例,男童207例(占60.00%),女童138例(占40.00%)。2017—2020年桂林市5岁以下儿童意外死亡率呈逐年上升的趋势(P<0.05);从年龄分布看,除2017年外,2016年、2018年、2019年及2020年1~4岁儿童意外死亡率均高于婴儿意外死亡率(均P<0.05);从区域分布看,2016—2020年农村地区儿童意外死亡率均高于城市地区儿童(均P<0.05)。意外死亡原因前三位分别为溺水、意外窒息和交通意外,其次是意外跌落,意外中毒导致的死亡率相对较低。意外窒息是婴儿最主要的死因,占73.79%;溺水是1~4岁儿童最主要的死因,占52.07%。无论城市地区还是农村地区,5岁以下儿童意外死亡的第一位原因均为溺水,其次是意外窒息、交通意外。结论桂林市5岁以下儿童意外死亡形势较为严峻,农村地区、1~4岁的儿童是防控的重点人群,溺水、意外窒息和交通意外是防控的重要内容。应以政府为主导,多部门、多渠道开展健康宣教,提升育儿技能,强化安全防范意识,从而降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features and death causes distribution of accidental death of children under 5 years old in Guilin from 2016 to 2020.Methods The general data of children under 5 years old suffering from accidental death in Guilin from 2016 to 2020 were collected through Guangxi death surveillance system.The causes of accidental death,and epidemiological features in terms of age distribution,gender distribution,and regional distribution,etc.,were analyzed in Guilin children under 5 years old during these 5 years.Results Accidental death was the number one cause of death among children under 5 years old in Guilin from 2016 to 2020.There were 345 cases of accidental death,including 207(60.00%)boys and 138(40.00%)girls.From 2017 to 2020,the accidental mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Guilin exerted an increasing trend year by year(P<0.05).In terms of age distribution,except for 2017,the accidental mortality rate of children aged 1-4 years old was higher than that of infants in 2016,2018,2019,and 2020(all P<0.05).From the perspective of regional distribution,the accidental mortality rate of children in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas from 2016 to 2020(all P<0.05).The top three causes of accidental death were drowning,accidental suffocation and traffic accident successively,followed by accidental falls.The mortality rate caused by accidental poisoning was relatively low.Accidental suffocation was the main cause of death in infants,accounting for 73.79%;moreover,drowning was the leading cause of death in children aged 1-4 years old,accounting for 52.07%.In both urban and rural areas,drowning was the leading cause of accidental death among children under 5 years old,followed by accidental suffocation and traffic accidents.Conclusion The situation of accidental death among children under 5 years old in Guilin is relatively serious.Children in rural areas and of age 1-4 years old are the key population for prevention and control,and drowning,accidental suffocation and traffic accident are crucial contents of prevention and control.It is necessary to take the lead of the government,carry out health education in multiple departments and channels,improve parenting skills and strengthen safety awareness,so as to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years old.